Jeff, Erik, and John;
Thank you all for your patience with me on this. I at least feel comfortable with what I think I understand so far.
Once again I failed to express myself correctly and used the word devices in lieu of system. My bad... It inspired an answer to a question I wasn't asking. :-) I apologize for that and genuinely appreciate your (Jeff) response. That issue aside, I don't have any issues with your explanations, and they remain consistent with my understanding. My problem lies in following the math behind all of this to confirm or enhance my understanding of how calibration accuracy is assured. All signs point to this being done correctly, the results achieved are as desired, and the reasoning is rational. I'm not trying to be or to sound critical here... and at the risk of again inaccurately expressing myself, I'm not looking for cook book summary descriptions. The math is involved and challenging for an ole' timer to follow before losing concentration and falling asleep, and being new at the game of scrutinizing VNA performance to this level of detail makes it all the more daunting. I've resisted trying to figure out signal flow diagrams, but I sense learning how to use them may be less tedious than to continue trying to crawl through the equations and running spreadsheet examples. Learning is one of the perks of retirement though... and its all fun. :-)
Thanks again guys.
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73
Gary, N3GO