Old photo and videos? of Feliks Dzierzynski founder 顿锄颈别谤?测ń蝉锄肠锄测锄苍补, in office 1917-1926 ?(now ?Belarus) – below information copied and added to from Wiki.

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顿锄颈别谤?测ń蝉锄肠锄测锄苍补 was a Polish Autonomous District in , near and close to the Soviet-Polish border of the time. It was created on March 15, 1932, with its capital at (, Dzerzhynsk, formerly known as Kojdanava : 碍辞箩诲补苍ó飞). It was named after the . ?Similarly to Marchlewszczyzna, limited Polish autonomy in the area was a real fact, with Polish-language schools, libraries and institutions. At the same time, the inhabitants were subject to intensive communist propaganda. Religious life was suppressed, and the campaign of collecivization, carried out in mid-1930s, met resistance of local Polish peasants.

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Unlike Marchlewszczyzna, which was the real center of Polish cultural life in the Soviet Union, 顿锄颈别谤?测ń蝉锄肠锄测锄苍补's influence was limited with Marchlewsczyzna disbanded 1935 - in Wolyn as experimental Autonomous District (the area of my mother’s village of Niwna), during the first wave of repression .? Both failed and the participants were liquidated or put to work on collective farms or used as other means of State labour force.

Polish districts were among those which resisted Soviet and . For political reasons, drastic measures were initially not applied in these areas. Eventually, Marchlewszczyzna was disbanded in 1935 at the onset of the and most of the administration was executed. In the following years, many men were shot (some sources, such as Russian organization put the number of the murdered Poles at 111,091), women and children deported to and other remote areas of the Soviet Union. More than 50,000 Poles were executed in places like or , many others were executed or starved in Kazakhstan. 顿锄颈别谤?测ń蝉锄肠锄测锄苍补 existed three years longer; it was disbanded in 1938. According to Polish sources, up to 70,000 Poles from Soviet Ukraine were forcibly resettled in Kazakhstan in late 1930s. Also, around 20 000 Poles were then deported from Soviet Belarus.All Polish schools and libraries were closed, Tomasz D?bal was executed in 1938.

After , in both Polish and Soviet , the existence of the districts was omitted, perhaps because the authorities of both countries wanted to avoid uneasy questions about sudden rejection of the Leninist postulate of the rights of nations for .

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Feliks Dzierzynski - ?- Polish writing, Belarus singing. Picture is words.

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wonderful old videos and photos, great historical value, ?even if you do not understand language, picture? is? words.

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regards,

Lenarda, Australia

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