I don't know how the group got diverted on to the topic of hacking,
other than my invitation to come and check out my yahoo group,
hackerz_n_hickory... but anyways, to address your fears...
Hackers, for the most part are really good at one thing, are
reclusive, masturbate more than most people, and are anti social, so
the standard hacker is basicly a technologically capable psychopath..
Pychopaths are a good thing, and the strongest mentally...
Hackers are not evil, nor do they wish to destroy everything, sure,
they tear up stuff, to find out how it works, they probe things, ask
questions, and pull out there soldering iron in an attempt to make
things better.. not to destroy them... If it weren't for hackers,
99.999 percent of you out there wouldn't be working on your windows
based PC's... Personal computers were actually developed because of
hackers!! No one but me remembers the Alto??? Read a book called
dealers in lightening, if you want to find out where PC's really came
from, excentric.. intelligent, hackers.. who wanted to make things
better, and faster... and I believe they have... the
malicious "hackers" you refer to are called Crackers in the hacking
communiity... they crack into sites, steal credit card numbers, etc..
but the rest of us, like me, are out here wondering how to wire 32 2
gigahertz pentiums together, and install 30 gigs of memory in our new
P4's.... (Intel already is developing a 20 gigahertz chip....) Were
the people that modify our computer cases.. put neon lights in the
case... have them running faster than anything you can get mass
market... we use scsi drives because we know they are faster, more
reliable, and better made than the mass market crap you can buy off
the shelf.. we rip apart the bios code of our systems, just to free
up an extra bit or two of memory.. we are the true techno freaks of
the cyberage.. the dreamers.. the revolutionaries.. the people who
take a old ford pinto and drop a 455 cubic inch engine in the
thing... that is the equivalent of what we do... or at least, what I
do.. so, yeah.. we rip things apart, we look into the bios code, we
find ways to make our computers run better, to make our cd players
and recorders play new types of media (I remember when you could
order a home made MP3 player from a few hardware hackers online about
a year before they made it to market in the us....I still have my 233
hooked up in the back of my car for just such a purpose...40 gig hard
drive, filled with music!) What I'm saying is, hackers, hardware,
software, and otherwise, eventually end up developing new devices
that make your lives easier, faster, or cooler... so don't demonize
them..Just sorta like saying all Christians are like Pat Robertson,
or that all Muslims are like Osama Bin Laden..Generalizations suck...
and for the most part.. hackers are the reason we have these cool ass
lil P4's and macs to play with, talk trash to women on the internet,
etc.... So, thank goodness for them... and if someone does something
illegal, treat them like the crooks they are, I'm down with that..
what I'm not ok with, is everyone who likes electronics/ computers/
etc, downgrading all hackers into the realm of criminals...

Just my humble opinion... and hey, opinions are like assholes,
everyone has them, and they all stink :P

Charles

Parazite@...
hazenoff@...
hazenoff@...
hazenoff@...







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Hi,

You said,

Wave A + Wave B = Wave (A+B) = Wave A + Wave B.

what about Interferance???? Which as u might be knowing occurs if the
two waves are superimposed upon each other with phased out then you
get a pattern of high and low. This occurs even in case of light
waves. So it must occur in modulated electromagnatic waves.

Secondly, if so called waves don't mix up then what about
environmental noise that corrupts the signal??

Hi,

So it takes power, and probably energy, i.e. power times time to do

work and

certainly to kill someone.

Think about lightning. Lightning has millions (10^6) of amperes of
current, several millions of volts of voltage, (sometimes measuring
650 Coulumbs of charge) ... still there are quite a lot of people who
turn up alive even after being hit by lightning. I think that is
becoz of the fraction of a second the charge passes through the body
of the person.

regds,
Aditya



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Well, there are two factors, what the modulation
frequencies the transmitter is capable of and what
bandwidth the FCC allows. Both are +/- 15 kHz in
most cases. How can this be, simple, stations are
never assigned frequencies close enough to interfere.
You won't have one station at 1000 kHz and a near
by one at 1010 kHz or 990 kHz, and probably none
at 1020 or 980.
Jim

Mixers are just analog multipliers, that is about as linear as it gets.

The Radio ether is just one big summing junction (with distance related
attenuation). It is not exactly like there is a 50Mhz signal, and a 50.5
Mhz signal, and a 51Mhz signal, ...There is only one signal - that is
the sum of all the signals being transmitted. That signal has a 50Mhz
component, a 50.5Mhz component, a 51Mhz component, ...

Let me show you an example of this:
A square wave is a single signal - or waveform. Yet it consist of
many frequency componts.
The equation for the voltage of the square wave at any given time
is actually a summation of all the frequencies of the square wave. The
equation is:
sin(wt) - sin(3wt)/3 + sin(5wt)/5 - sin(7wt)/7 + sin(9wt)/9 -
sin(11wt)/11 ...

w = 2 Pi f
Pi is 3.141576...
f is the base frequency of the square wave
t is time

The ... at the end of the equation indicates that this is an infinate
series - it goes on for ever.

Now, if I were to build a filter that only allows sin(7wt) to pass,
I would get a sine wave that is 7 times the frequency of the square wave.

This is call fourier analysis - which is frequency domain in stead of
time domain.
In time domain, we concern our selves with what a voltage or
current is at a given time.
In frequency domain, we concern ourselves with the current or
voltage at a given frequency.

So when we talk of the radio ether having different frequencys - a
50Mhz, a 50.5Mhx, a 51Mz, ...
we aren't actually that far off - we are just talking in frequency
domain terms instead of time domain terms.
Why do we use frequency domain insead of time domain? I bet most of you
have not yet got your head around the square wave example but you all
have a working knowledge of radios - you can tune them to a station of
your choice. We use frequency domain because it is much easier.

If you want to prove the above square wave example to yourself, search
the web for a program called GNUPLOT. Install it and play with it.

Doug Hale




Jim Purcell wrote:

adity,

About the question "why waves don't mix up?"

Why this is putting it rather crudely but ... WAVES DO MIX UP!!

The original issue was whether various natural e.m. waves, i.e
light, etc. don't mix. And they generally don't I think. What
you are talking about is modulation, as with an AM transmitter.
And even then the carrier wave is preserved. You have the
carrier wave, the frequency that the station advertises, plus
multiple side bands that are at frequencies equal to carrier
+/- the audio frequency. I recall my office mate at the
college where I taught, the same one who told me that
a capacitors charge resides in the dielectric rather than
the plates, by the way, was surprised when I told him
that an AM radio station could modulate up to +/-
15 kHz from the carrier. He thought that the ten kHz
spacing of radio station's meant that they were limited
to +/- 5 kHz. So e.m. waves can get mixed or they can
stay separate, depending on the conditions. It is my
understanding that the mixing requires non linearity
of the medium or device through which they pass, i.e.
a vacuum tube, a transistor, even a diode.

Jim



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.. I think it's the current that
kills a man, so 3,000 volts may or may not kill a man if the current is
low. Or am I wrong? This is the kind of questions which motivate me to
learn and I appreciate it.

I wonder whether you dead short those capacitors or does your ground stick

some resistance?

-----Original Message-----
From: epsulon@... [mailto:epsulon@...]
Sent: Wednesday, October 31, 2001 4:14 PM
To: Electronics_101@...
Subject: [Electronics_101] video and radio question

First of all keep in mind I'm a beginner. I would appreciate the groups help
in directing me for my project. This is something I have always wanted to
learn how to do. I think I want to make a carreer out of it.

From point A, I want to be able to take a video signal and other signals,
combine them into one, then send them out via radio. Then from point B
receive them, decode the signal, and use the video and other signals, for
whatever purposes I need. I also need to be able, from point B, to combine
other signals minus video this time, and send them via radio to point A, and
at point A decode those signals and use them.

I can see many steps and components involved in getting this to work, and
would highly appreciate the groups help.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Thanks,
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Jon



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----- Original Message -----

From: Mounir Shita

To: 'Electronics_101@...'

Sent: Thursday, November 01, 2001 6:43 AM

Subject: RE: [Electronics_101] Bomb

I was going to say that life is more than just serious stuff. If we can't slide a little out of the subject when someone asks a stupid question as?how to make a bomb, then what are we ? I'm sure even Einstein had some fun with his theories about the universe.

?

Enjoy life and don't get to stuck in your work or your private project. There is always time for some laughs! And yes, it is an electronic forum, but after almost 850 messages this month, what's 4-5 non-electronic posts ?

?

Good luck finding a group that fits your need Michael.

?

Mounir

-----Original Message-----
From: Jim Purcell [mailto:jpurcell@...]
Sent: Wednesday, October 31, 2001 2:38 PM
To: Electronics_101@...
Subject: Re: [Electronics_101] Bomb

Michael,

> As much as I have enjoyed this group, I am going to unsubscribe.? This
> seems to be a very inappropriate subject material.? I was hoping for a
> legitimate discussion of electronics, but it turned out to be a group of
> bed-wetters discussing bombs and Jennifer Lopez.? :-(

Sobb, Sobb, poor Michael, it just stared and I have only seen two or three messages.
You must not care about electronics that you'd unsubscribe over three messages.

Jim



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While we are on the topic of microcontrollers and such, here is my question.
With the pentium 3 500MHZ and 700 MHZ at prices of $50 dollars and less, I
was wondering if it is possible to actually use this CPU's for dedicated
computing? If this is possible I would love to learn about these
oppurtunities. I would think that with all of the power in these processors
you could do make some really strong projects. Thanks for any help.
Jon



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