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Re: Any idea's on a visual Grid / Cathode fuse indicating device ??
pentalab
--- In ham_amplifiers@..., FRANCIS CARCIA <carcia@...>
wrote: the bias is at cut off if it ever blows. ### agreed. Basicly anything from 1 k to 1 meg is fine. When the CATHODE fuse blows..... the amp can still be driven a bit.... so a 2-10 w resistor will work fine. ### IF u use a CATHODE fuse....make damn sure u stick a resistor across the fuse holder... like u described. ### I once had a 4-1000.... and while re-installing it... forgot to hook up the B- to the pos junctions of the plate + grid meter's........ a real disaster !! The cathode will try and assume full plate V... and the bypass caps at the cold ends of the fil choke starting snapping away !! ### also... in schemes like the L4B... where they use +130 vdc [and +90 vdc on cw position] to cut off the tube[s] on RX is bad news. When the 3pdt t/r relay is in 'mid air'... the cathode is floating for a split second ! I rewired it with a simple 100 k-2 w mf in the center tap.... and use the same contacts... to just short out the resistor on TX. gotta run.... Jim VE7RF |
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Re: Any idea's on a visual Grid / Cathode fuse indicating device ??
pentalab
--- In ham_amplifiers@..., Tony King - W4ZT <w4zt-
060920@...> wrote: It wouldn't be a good idea for the cathode to ground circuit to open and essentially float the grid. ### Not quite. The GRID RING is bonded to the chassis !! This is not a case like Rich using 1/2 watt resistor's as "grid fuses" [ which WILL leave the grid floating] ### same deal on a YC-156 and also a socketed 3000/6000. ### I use several 6 A diodes between chassis and B-... [and also across all the meter's] . When the grid fuse blows the cathode can't float more than +/- .7 V. of rotarythe fil xfmr circuit [ along with the 60 x 6A10 6-A , 25switched bias diodes. ] This 3 A cathode fuse has a 1k- fuse. When the fuse blows you will have an increase in bias thatwatt ressitor across it.TONY SEZ a little low, use something like 15K to 20K across the will cut the tube off and will develop a voltage proportional to that needed to cut it off. ### partially agreed. Trbl is... you can STILL drive it.. and get say 40% output [Class C] I tried a 10-100k across the grid fuse as well. IF the grid fuse blows.... the bias developed will do exactly the same thing as if the cathode fuse blows. [cathode fuse with 1k to 100 kw across it] u still get 40% output. ### You can remove the resistor across the grid fuse with NO problem at all. Works better too. With no path for dc grid current... u get zero watts out. Still don't know where the 800+ watts of drive has gone ?? series resistor could be used as an indicator.TONY SEZ if the cutoff bias is high enough, a neon bulb with a ### I'm gonna measure the cutoff bias on the existing 100 k 2 w mf in the vac t/r set up.... on RX. and measure it. ## tnx. I didn't know whether to take my marbles home or not.LOL and use the protection circuitry they provide. You will find there'shardly any failure that will can not be detected and reacted to almostneed for QRO++ but the principle is the same. This is especially goodbecause it can trip the amp off line so you don't have high drive going intoa malfunctioning amp.### I have looked at both triode boards in the past. Some of it would need extensive mods, etc. As far as a grid over current device goes... the ones depicted in the handbooks work very well... albeit they all add varying bias.... cuz of the grid current flowing through a resistor [ vdrop used to trigger the 2n222 etc... then a 4pdt latching relay.... hotswitching amp offline, latching to itself... turning on a led etc. ] I have seen and built Orr's plate over current device same deal. [ just don't use the vac relay.. used to open off the HV ] ### During a "glitch".... it's a whole nuther ball game. They all use series diodes... such that during normal operation... slightly excess grid/plate current will simply kick amp offline. During a glitch.... with huge currents flowing... the safety diodes on the plate/grid protection devices will turn on..limiting voltage to a safe value.. so the grid/plate overcurrent protection device doesn't get fried. ## IF plate grid current are slightly over XXX.... the fast fuses take a long time to blow. During a glitch.... the fuse blow REAL fast.. and protect the tubes grid, etc. The eletronic stuff... while fast... still has to activate a mech relay. U can get small mech relays that will op in <2 msecs however. ### I'm going to try and incorporate BOTH fast fuses and electronic grid/plate current protection... I'll let u know. ### also a 2nd high reflected power kick out device b4 the big amp would help.... help to kick the IPA + xcvr off line... IF the grid fuse in the big amp blew. Take Care........ Jim VE7RF
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Re: Any idea's on a visual Grid / Cathode fuse indicating device ??
FRANCIS CARCIA
I put a 50K 10 watt resistor across my fuse in the fil. C.T. so the bias is at cut off if it ever blows.
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Tony King - W4ZT wrote:
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Re: Any idea's on a visual Grid / Cathode fuse indicating device ??
Tony King - W4ZT
pentalab wrote:
FellowsI'd protect this with diodes and leave that fuse out. It wouldn't be a good idea for the cathode to ground circuit to open and essentially float the grid. Also have a 3 A cathode fuse [also a 3agc] in the center tap of the fil xfmr circuit [ along with the 60 x 6A10 6-A , rotary switched bias diodes. ] This 3 A cathode fuse has a 1k-25 watt ressitor across it.1k is a little low, use something like 15K to 20K across the fuse. When the fuse blows you will have an increase in bias that will cut the tube off and will develop a voltage proportional to that needed to cut it off. Question is... what's an easy way to obtain a visual indication /led/neon/etc.... to let us know said fuses are blown ???If the cutoff bias is high enough, a neon bulb with a series resistor could be used as an indicator. continued below... Most of the "visual indicating" type fuse holders I have seen... all require use of the line voltage being fed into em... ie: 120 vac, etc. I was thinking.. perhaps a 1-2 ohm resistor across each fuse holder... such that the v drop across the resistor [with fuse open] will trigger a led/etc. [this would amount to installing a typ grid/cathode electronic overcurrent device..... except it would only work IF the grid/cathode fuse opens]. Origionaly, we installed a 100 K- 2w-MF across the grid fuse.... believing if the grid fuse blew.... the resulting bias developed.. would cutoff the tube... and tube couldn't be driven. In actual practise... with the typ globs of drive... you can still drive the tube... albeit.. in class C ! So we subsequently removed the 100K resistor. Now,,, if the grid fuse opens... zero output... input swr rises from flat.. to 2:1. ..... No DC grid current. Here's the real concern. With the grid fuse blown open.... there is NO return for DC grid current... fine so far. But what happens to the drive RF [800 ++ watts worth] ?? Are we burning up the cathode.... and /or the grid ..or both ???? In all cases these RF decks/ power supplies are remote located 30-Spark gaps are good! Sri for the drivel....... does anybody actually read any of my posts....... or is this all old news ???I enjoy reading your posts Jim! Best thing I have seen is to use one of the triode control boards and use the protection circuitry they provide. You will find there's hardly any failure that will can not be detected and reacted to almost instantly. You might have to make a few adaptations to meet the need for QRO++ but the principle is the same. This is especially good because it can trip the amp off line so you don't have high drive going into a malfunctioning amp. 73, Tony W4ZT |
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Re: Passed 100 total members.... PARASITIC's solved... once and for all !!
pentalab
--- In ham_amplifiers@..., R L Measures <r@...> wrote:
amplifier expert", Charles Thomas Rauch, Jr., and his statements such as the laws of AC circuit analysis do not apply to VHF suppressors; and VHF resonant circuits can't ring, but HF ones can, things will definitely be less entertaining. ### this is one soap opera I don't wanna ever hear again! ### The best way to solve parasitic problems in a TL-922 SB- 220/221 is to REMOVE all 6 x 200 pf bylass caps + 2 x RF chokes from sockets... and toss em !! Strap all 6 x grid pins to chassis ..with wide strap..... end of problem. ### The origional RL Drake L4 [1963] had the 6 x caps + 2 x chokes crap in it.... Heath just copied it in 1969. ### Those caps... + the stray C from cathode to grid was supposed to make a "V divider" and provide "NFB" [it didn't... it made the IMD WORSE] ### I mentioned the "grnding ALL 6 x grid pins to the chassis" [what a novel idea for a GG amp !] to some friends who had SB- 220/221's.... TL-922's, Henry's etc. ### They all did just that. The fellow with the SB-221 reported his severe TVI into his neighbour's satellite dish setup.... VANISHED. He also reported his power output on 10m shot WAY up. [it had lousy eff on 10m]. ### The fellow with the TL-922 reported that he could now remove the after market nichrome suppressor's... and insert the stock Kenwood suppressor's back in... and it remained ROCK STABLE ever since! ### They ALL reported that their drive requirements DROPPED between 20 and 25 watts. [that includes my 3 x L4B's... + my buddy's Henry 3-500Z amps] ### Dropping the drive power from a Kenwood 870 maakes a BIG difference. The IMD on a Kenwood 870 DROPS like a rock.. when you lower the output from 100w to 85w.... and it's way down at 50 w. [the ARRL lab did IMD tests on a 870 on 20m.. at 3 x diff pwr levels... 100-85-50w... in their "extended review" ] ### For bigger tubes... GLOBARS wound with wide flat strap are the real answer....rock stable... and the SP Type globars will handle 350 deg C all day long ! ### Even on smaller tubes.... you can use 10-20-25 w globars... and flat strap/wire. The trick is to just use enough turns to suppress the parasitic... and no more......... and no, the globars won't burn up on 10m. ### Of course... to do this right... add some HV fuses, cathode fuse, grid fuse... and a really good glitch R. I use a 50 ohm - 50 W wirewound right inside the L4B's.... mounted directly to the Millen Red HV connector... on the inside... mounted vertically. Later...... Jim VE7RF |
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Re: 4 Tube 811 Amplifier.
pentalab
--- In ham_amplifiers@..., R L Measures <r@...> wrote:
RICH SEZ.. The V-drops across the cathode resistors is what helps to equalize the cathode currents in the 4, 811As. However, 4, individual bifilar filament chokes and 4. DC blocker/coupling caps are needed. ### Well... that sucks !! I suppose you require the same deal on just balancing TWO tubes ???? [2 x fil chokes + 2 x blocker's]............ even the 2 x tube senario sucks. I remember building a 2 x 4-1000 amp... with two of everything in it.... fil xfmrs... fil chokes... 2 x fil variacs... separate adjustable bias....... and 3 x plate + 3 x grid current shunts..... Tube 1.... Tube 2..... Tube 1+2. Then cross ur fingers... and hope the drive split's into two equal parts... ditto with airflow. After that... I said I'd never build / design another 2+ tube linear again..... I didn't. Just trying to trbl shoot a 4 x tube amp is not fun. Still, I did have a 4x 811A linear.... and the tubes never gave me any problems........ the rest of that Dentron amp was pure junk. later.... Jim VE7RF |
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Re: Passed 100 total members
On Sep 29, 2006, at 10:20 AM, pentalab wrote:
--- In ham_amplifiers@..., "kr4da" <kr4da@...> wrote:Now the bad news: Without W8JI, the "recognized amplifier expert", Charles Thomas Rauch, Jr., and his statements such as the laws of AC circuit analysis do not apply to VHF suppressors; and VHF resonant circuits can't ring, but HF ones can, things will definitely be less entertaining.### Now at 104 member's..... I'd say vehemently.... that However, between 1997 and the first half of 2006, AMPS covered a lot of ground between bouts with moderator/censors trying to protect Rauch from reality I would be quite delighted if he showed up, but there's probably a better chance of finding an icicle in hell.
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Any idea's on a visual Grid / Cathode fuse indicating device ??
pentalab
Fellows
I have several fuses installed in most of these linear's. Like a fast 750 ma 3agc style grid fuse... located between chassis.. and negative terminal of 0-1 Amp grid meter. Also have a 3 A cathode fuse [also a 3agc] in the center tap of the fil xfmr circuit [ along with the 60 x 6A10 6-A , rotary switched bias diodes. ] This 3 A cathode fuse has a 1k-25 watt ressitor across it. Question is... what's an easy way to obtain a visual indication /led/neon/etc.... to let us know said fuses are blown ??? Most of the "visual indicating" type fuse holders I have seen... all require use of the line voltage being fed into em... ie: 120 vac, etc. I was thinking.. perhaps a 1-2 ohm resistor across each fuse holder... such that the v drop across the resistor [with fuse open] will trigger a led/etc. [this would amount to installing a typ grid/cathode electronic overcurrent device..... except it would only work IF the grid/cathode fuse opens]. Origionaly, we installed a 100 K- 2w-MF across the grid fuse.... believing if the grid fuse blew.... the resulting bias developed.. would cutoff the tube... and tube couldn't be driven. In actual practise... with the typ globs of drive... you can still drive the tube... albeit.. in class C ! So we subsequently removed the 100K resistor. Now,,, if the grid fuse opens... zero output... input swr rises from flat.. to 2:1. ..... No DC grid current. Here's the real concern. With the grid fuse blown open.... there is NO return for DC grid current... fine so far. But what happens to the drive RF [800 ++ watts worth] ?? Are we burning up the cathode.... and /or the grid ..or both ???? In all cases these RF decks/ power supplies are remote located 30- 50' away from the station. The station can however... read all 4 bird line sections... and also continuously monitor the PEP refelcted pwr [part of the high swr shut down circuit]. On a related note.... IF either HV fuse blow open..[1st one in one leg of sec of plate xfmr... the 2nd in the B+].... and with tube driven... ALL the electrons flow to the control grid... instead of the anode... and you guessed it... the grid current will skyrocket.. [read it will blow the grid fuse asap] We have seen cases whereby the HV fuse + grid fuse will blow open... cuz of an antenna problem... and high swr [trips on high reflected pep power] circuit has NOT tripped the amp offline. We have also seen cases, where the high reflected power circuit trips 1st.... and trips both linears offline.. [which also applies -10 vdc to the ALC of the xcvr. ] All depends sometimes... whether it's an arcing ant/badly installed connector. [resulting in an INSTANTANEOUS wide open/dead short... infintite swr] OR just a high swr... between 2:1 and 5:1 In some cases the B+ sandfilled fuse blows..... some times BOTH sandfilled fuses blow. For some added protection... we are thinking of an adjustable spark gap between load cap ...and chassis..... set to fire at a V higher than the normal low swr V.... and a point well below the rating of the 5 kv vac load cap. I think Rich may have done this ? I don't want the expensive ceramic vac load cap to ever internally arc. Sri for the drivel....... does anybody actually read any of my posts....... or is this all old news ??? Later... Jim VE7RF |
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Re: 4 Tube 811 Amplifier.
On Sep 29, 2006, at 1:08 PM, la3pna wrote:
I guess i need 8 resistors? but, how about the voltage drop over theThe V-drops across the cathode resistors is what helps to equalize the cathode currents in the 4, 811As. However, 4, individual bifilar filament chokes and 4. DC blocker/coupling caps are needed. There is no substitute for the flywheel effect of a Pi-network tuned input with a Q of 2 to 3.
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Re: Svetlana's website ???
Thomas S. Knutsen
I had some problems with the selection, so here is the direct link to
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rest of the world: 73 de Thomas fre, 29,.09.2006 kl. 15.34 -0400, skrev Tony King - W4ZT: The actual link is: <> --
Best Regards/MVH Thomas S Knutsen LA3PNA |
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How to build 60 + 80 Amp Bifilar's... the easy way !
pentalab
Gents
A few years back... after consulting with John Lyles about my idea, I decided to try it... it works ! Nothing really new here... but thought I'd pass along this info... since you will never see it in any edition of the "ARRL Handbook" any time soon. We purchased two Type 43 ferrite rods [on sale at the time from SSON] each 1/2" diam x 8" long. Also got the plastic nylon re-enforced 1/2" clamps for each end of the rods. Using some 10 ga polyimide magnet wire [on sale... u can find plenty of cheap sources for magnet wire on the web].... we bifilar wound the 10 ga magnet wire on 1/2" diam x 12" long aluminium tubes.... leaving lots of pigtails at each end. DON'T wind em on the brittle ferrite rods !!! We then simply slipped the completed windings off the aluminium tube... onto the ferrite rods... then installed the plastic clamps at each end. Next, compression crimps/clamps were crimped + soldered on all the 4 x pig tails.. [after chopping excess pigtails] Two identical such assy's were built. Now here's the kicker. To handle the 50 A of fil current in a 3CX-3000A7.... we had to parallel the 2 x bifilar's. [which will then handle 60 A CCS] . In order to still maintain Bifilar action [OPPOSING currents flowing in EACH individual winding... of EACH rod] .. we paralled ANY one winding from ROD-1.... with ANY one winding from ROD-2.... and vice versa for the 2 x remaining windings. This is done so the magnetic fields generated in each winding will CANCEL.... and NO rod saturation will occur.... hence the 1/2" rod material is plenty. Note: single wound rods WILL saturate the rod. Back in the old days.... fellows would laminate a bunch of rods together... like a bundle of dynamite... and then wind a single winding on this mess. They built two such assy's.... one per leg.... that was back in 69 ! Now... if u draw this out on paper... you can easily see that the 50 A of fil current splits into two paths... with 25 A of current flowing in the "one winding per rod".... then recombined.... feeds one side of fil..... out the other side of the fil.... splits back into two paths.... 25 A back down each rod... then again recombined ... and back to fil xfmr. This works superb on 160-10m. On the 80A fil [ for a 3CX-6000A7 /YC-243] just use 8 ga magnet wire... instead of 10 ga. The paralled 8 ga handles 80A CCS all day long.. stone cold. Semi-moot point...since the bifilars will be blasted with air from the blower anyway ! Beware....on the 3CX-3000A7.... you will lose aprx .3 to .4 V ACROSS the bifilar. [rated at 7.5 V @ 50 A] .... and .3 V on the 3CX-6000A7 /YC-243 [rated at 7.0 V @ 79 A] We used 6 ga wire FROM the 50 A fil xfmr..... and 2 ga from the 80 A fil xfmr... located in next shelf BELOW the RF Deck. This method eliminates an additional 23 lbs from the RF deck, which makes life easier on my back. An alternate method is to simply install small 3-4 A CCS rated bifilar chokes in the 120/240 v PRIMARY of the fil xfmr. In this case... the fil xfmr HAS to be installed on the RF deck... below trhe chassis... AND insulated from the chassis.. as it will be hot with drive RF. This can easily be done with two laminated sheets of micarta/ uhmw/etc. Use recessed screws to mount the xfmr to the 1st sheet.... laminate a 2nd larger sheet to the 1st... then bolt the 2nd sheet to the side wall below the chassis. Also, ALL leads.. BOTH prim and sec have to be bypassed to the fil xfmr metal casings... with .01uf disc ceramic caps. This alternate method has worked very well for years.... it's only drawback is the additional weight of the fil xfmr itself on the RF deck. I don't see any magnet wire larger than 8 ga available.. anywhere.. so for 100 /160A fil requirement's [ 3CX10,000A7.... 3CX15/20,000A7..... this alternate method is your only option. BTW.... measured inductance of the 10 ga bifilar... [with both bifilars wired in parallel as depicted] measures 38 uh. On the 8 ga bifilars wired in parallel... it's down to 25 uh.... both are plenty on 160m. Of course, .01 uf bypass caps are used on the 'cold ends' of the bifilar windings. Later... Jim VE7RF |
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Re: 4 Tube 811 Amplifier.
la3pna
I guess i need 8 resistors? but, how about the voltage drop over the
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resistors? or should the resistors be so small that I don't need to worry about that? Since i have about 75 ohm input impedance, do I need an tuned input or is there an easyer way to do it? 73 de Thomas --- In ham_amplifiers@..., Steven Grant <w4iiv@...> wrote:
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RF PARTS .........TUBE SALE
pentalab
Just in case anybody is interested.... RF Parts has a sale on MANY
of their tubes.... both triodes... + tetrodes. eg- Svetlana 3CX-3000A7 $695.00 Svetlana 3CX-6000A7 $855.00 [reg $975.00] ! Of course the above tubes require the expensive socket/grid ring combo.... another $375.00 !! ouch ! Arnold Howell of Howell tube sales, sells the infamous Eimac YC-243 [socketless 3CX-6000A7] for around $1100.00.... which is IMO.. the best bargain of all.... comes with a built in 1/8" thick, silver plated grid flange.. 4.25" diam........ and two... just huge fil lugs. [5/16" threaded, embedded studs]. Both the 3CX-6000A7 + YC-243 are the sleeper of the year ! Although rated for 6 kw anode diss [205 cfm @ .4" water.. at an inlet air temp of 50 deg C].... this stock anode rating can EASILY be increased to almost 9 kw.... simply by blowing more air through it, and using a lower inlet air temp, and using a 9" square box around the tube.. with a teflon top. [310 cfm @ .9" water at an inlet air temp of 25 deg C]. A Dayton 5C508 dual speed blower fits this requirement perfectly. The YC-156 medical MRI pulls... can still be had from Norman Hockler..[N8NH]... who also has the mating fil xfmr's.. SK-306 chimney's, etc. Norm also has new globars... 90 watt CCS... glass bodied SP type... 3/4 " diam x 5" long.. 50 ohm. We use these for parasitic suppressors... just wind em with 3 turns of 3/4" wide strap... and install em in standard 3/4" silver plated fuse holders...with end retainers. The SP globars are good for 350 deg C... CCS ! ZERO fireworks, ultimate parasitic suppressor....Rock stable. Norm sells the YC-156's for aprx $375.00 - $450.00. These are a 3CPX-15,000B7... with a 5 kw ..4.94" OD cooler.... built in grid flange... no socket required.... and almost 19db of gain ! You fellow's who want a "project" this fall/winter.... well here you go ! Later.... Jim VE7RF |
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Re: Svetlana's website ???
Tony King - W4ZT
The actual link is: <>
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73, Tony W4ZT Frank Goenninger wrote: Am 29.09.2006 um 19:09 schrieb Tony King - W4ZT:pentalab wrote:??? How did achieve that? For me the query for the host www.svetlana.com itself does not work (using low level tools like nslookup [name service lookup] yields a "server unknown" message with a SERVFAIL (meaning the query did fail - not "there's no entry for www.svetlana.com). Strange, that! |
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Re: Svetlana's website ???
Frank Goenninger
Hi Mike and all:
Am 29.09.2006 um 20:04 schrieb Mike(W5UC) & Kathy(K5MWH): There is a site called The Wayback Machine, and references to oldWow ! Thanks for the pointer! I went to where I got the inactive Svetlana URL(above) and pluggedUsing the Mac OS X built-in PDF creator I made a PDF and uploaded it to the files section of this group (Hey I love my Mac!). If someone needs another one from another page/ document please let me know. I also have Adobe Acrobat Professional so copying text passages or images from within a PDF is possible for me, too. Just drop an email and I'll see what I can do. 73, Frank DG1SBG |
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Re: Svetlana's website ???
Mike\(W5UC\) & Kathy\(K5MWH\)
¿ªÔÆÌåÓýGood Afternoon All: ? One of the folks on the Topband reflector sent me some info and I was able to retrieve the information. The following is how I did it. Thanks to all who were working on it. ? There is a site called The Wayback Machine, and references to old or outdated URL¡¯s are stored there. It can be found at:? ? Plug this URL into the search:?? ? I went to where I got the inactive Svetlana URL(above) and plugged it in to The Wayback Machine and it found several stored references to the page. I printed the article from the internet page. I then tried to copy & paste it into Word, but it came out all funky.? If you have trouble let me know and I will scan it and send it to you. I think the original article appeared in CQ, but I don't know the date. Good Luck. ? 73, Mike, W5UC ? ? ? ? ?
From:
ham_amplifiers@... [mailto:ham_amplifiers@...] On Behalf Of Frank Goenninger ?
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Re: Svetlana's website ???
Frank Goenninger
Am 29.09.2006 um 19:09 schrieb Tony King - W4ZT:
pentalab wrote:??? How did achieve that? For me the query for the host www.svetlana.com itself does not work (using low level tools like nslookup [name service lookup] yields a "server unknown" message with a SERVFAIL (meaning the query did fail - not "there's no entry for www.svetlana.com). Strange, that! Tony, could you post a link other than the bare www.svetlana.com that works for you? Thanks!! 73 Frank DG1SBG |
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Re: Passed 100 total members
pentalab
--- In ham_amplifiers@..., "kr4da" <kr4da@...> wrote:
### Now at 104 member's..... I'd say vehemently.... that Rich, and anybody else who has ever either.. been booted off 'amps'.... or had their posts trashed... or edited.....or deleted.... has finally been vindicated !! ### This group has THE distinct advantage...... throwing in stuff like jpegs, pix, schematics.. polls, and files, is just gravy. ### My prediction was, [and still is] this group would grow in leaps and bounds..... and leave 'amps'... in the dust. ## IF W8JI, et all... ever show up here.... it will be..."poetic justice". Later..... Jim VE7RF |
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Re: Svetlana's website ???
Tony King - W4ZT
pentalab wrote:
<snip> ### I can't get into Svetlana's site either..... have not been able to.... for a couple of yrs at least. I printed out some of their stuff but not what u need. What's the deal ? Svetlana's site was superb.... showing u insides of tubes, etc. Jim VE7RFI had this same problem... it insisted that since I was in the USA there was nothing there for me. That was using my favorite browser, Firefox.retrieve I opened the dreaded Internet Explorer, which I NEVER use, and it went there just fine. Do NOT click on USA as your location. Select rest of the world. 73, Tony W4ZT |
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