开云体育

=========================================================== explorator 25.51 April 9, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ A study of the Navalmaillo Rock shelter suggests Neanderthals had 'uneven' occupation routines: https://www.cenieh.es/en/press/news/new-clues-behavioral-variability-neanderthal-hunting-parties https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/04/05/new-clues-to-the-behavioral-variability-of-neanderthal-hunting-parties/ http://www.archaeology.org/news/11322-230403-spain-neanderthal-hunting Evidence that homo sapiens was eating very large land snails some 170 000 years bp: https://phys.org/news/2023-04-humans-giant-snails-apex-predator.html https://www.sciencenews.org/article/homo-sapiens-supersized-snails Feature on a Neanderthal site in Jersey: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-jersey-65174574 https://news.yahoo.com/archaeologists-revisit-jerseys-neanderthal-082144058.html Feature on human evolution: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/how-did-humans-evolve ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ Not sure where to put this one: it appears that some Benin Bronzes were made with brass from Germany: https://phys.org/news/2023-04-benin-bronzes-german-brass.html https://www.livescience.com/benin-bronzes-were-crafted-of-metal-from-a-completely-unexpected-place https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/benin-bronzes-sculpted-from-metal-mined-in-germany-kf00fjdpp https://www.dw.com/en/benin-bronzes-made-of-german-brass/a-65232329 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/05/benin-bronzes-made-from-brass-mined-in-west-germany-study-finds https://www.newscientist.com/article/2368057-famous-benin-bronzes-from-west-africa-used-metal-sourced-in-germany/ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/04/shipwrecks-reveal-origins-of-metal-used-to-cast-the-benin-bronzes/146777 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/what-shipwrecks-reveal-about-the-origins-of-the-benin-bronzes-180981925/ cf: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0283415 Christian (and other) wall paintings from Funj period dwellings in Old Dongola: https://arkeonews.net/archaeologists-discovered-an-enigmatic-complex-of-rooms-interiors-of-which-covered-with-figural-scenes-unique-to-christian-art/ https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/04/07/new-discoveries-in-old-dongola-protection-for-tungul/ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/04/archaeologists-uncover-ornate-christian-frescos-in-old-dongola/146809 Feature on the search for the 'legendary lost city' of Zerzura (Libya): https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/04/the-search-for-the-lost-city-of-zerzura/146743 Feature on the ancient city of Mapungubwe: https://theconversation.com/archaeology-shows-how-hunter-gatherers-fitted-into-southern-africas-first-city-800-years-ago-202774 https://phys.org/news/2023-04-archaeology-hunter-gatherers-southern-africa-city.html https://news.yahoo.com/archaeology-shows-hunter-gatherers-fitted-130220642.html More on the copper trade from South to Central Africa: https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/04/03/copper-artifacts-unearth-new-cultural-connections-in-southern-africa/ ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ Using mummy labels to reconstruct the climate of Roman Egypt: https://phys.org/news/2023-04-mummies-key-reconstruct-climat

=========================================================== explorator 25.50 April 2, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Chris Hopkins, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ Not sure if we've mentioned the No 3 skull of Yunxian county man from Hubei: https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202303/24/WS641d4f2ca31057c47ebb6660.html A study of the behaviour of Neanderthal hunting parties: https://phys.org/news/2023-03-clues-behavioral-variability-neanderthal-parties.html A study of 40 000 years bp teeth excavated in the 1930s at Ksar Akil (Lebanon): https://phys.org/news/2023-03-archaeological-rediscovery-clues-distant-human.html ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ A study of the trade in copper from South Africa to Central Africa from the 5th century CE onwards: https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/03/146718/146718 More on the 7000 years bp bone tools from Sudan: https://naukawpolsce.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C95683%2Csudan-na-cmentarzysku-sprzed-7-tys-lat-odkryto-narzedzia-do-upuszczania http://www.archaeology.org/news/11313-230329-sudan-bone-tools ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ Studying 2000 years of ancient graffiti in Egypt: https://www.sfu.ca/sfunews/stories/2023/03/researchers-use-21st-century-methods-to-record-2-000-years-of-an.html https://phys.org/news/2023-03-21st-century-methods-years-ancient-graffiti.html https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-736117 https://scienceblog.com/537135/ancient-graffiti-revealed-in-3d-detail/ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/03/study-records-2000-years-of-ancient-graffiti-in-egypt/146713 A study of a cache of severed hands found in pits from Tell el-Dab'a: https://arkeonews.net/severed-right-hands-reveal-trophy-taking-practices-in-ancient-egypt/ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/03/study-shows-osteological-evidence-of-severed-hands-in-ancient-egypt/146725 cf: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-32165-8 More on the 2000 mummified rams' heads (and more) from the Rameses II temple site in Abydos: https://www.livescience.com/2000-mummified-rams-heads-were-gifted-to-long-dead-ancient-egyptian-pharaoh-ramesses-ii https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/492386.aspx https://egyptindependent.com/photos-archaeological-team-uncovers-2000-mummified-ram-heads-and-more-in-sohag/ https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/123359/The-American-mission-from-New-York-University-uncover-a-large https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/03/26/Researchers-unearth-2-000-ram-heads-in-Egypt-temple https://menafn.com/1105883351/Archaeologists-Discover-More-Than-2000-Rams-Heads-at-Temple-of-Pharaoh-Ramses-II https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/ancient-egypt-excavation-uncovers-2000-mummified-ram-heads-abydos-2023-03-25/ https://www.thedailybeast.com/researchers-find-2000-rams-skulls-inside-ancient-egyptian-kings-temple https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230326-researchers-unearth-2-000-ram-heads-in-egypt-temple https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/mummified-ram-heads-ancient-egyptian-intl-scli-scn/index.html https://www.cbsnews.com/news/egypt-king-ramses-ii-ram-skulls-mummified-discovery-abydos-temple-ancient-pharaoh/ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11907643/Mummified-heads-2-000-rams-killed-tribute-pharaoh-Ramesses-II-discovered-Egypt.html https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-27/ancient-egypt-

=========================================================== explorator 25.49 March 26, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ A study modelling Neanderthal migration: https://phys.org/news/2023-03-european-neanderthal-migration-hints-hidden.html The most recent version of the human 'family tree': https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/the-2-million-year-old-human-family-tree More on bow-and-arrow use in Europe some 54 000 years bp: https://theconversation.com/the-earliest-modern-humans-in-europe-mastered-bow-and-arrow-technology-54-000-years-ago-200609 More on Neanderthals dining on elephants: https://the-past.com/news/analysis-of-elephant-bones-shines-light-on-neanderthal-diets/ More on Neanderthals collecting animal skulls as 'trophies': https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/neanderthals-collect-animal-skulls-spain ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ 7000 years bp tools used for bleeding cattle from an excavation in northern Sudan: https://arkeonews.net/bone-tools-for-bleeding-cows-discovered-in-a-7000-year-old-cemetery-in-sudan/ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/03/tools-for-bleeding-cows-uncovered-in-7000-year-old-cemetery/146643 Using copper artifacts to study cutlural connections to South Africa between the 5th and 20th centuries CE: https://phys.org/news/2023-03-copper-artifacts-reveal-cultural-southern.html https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230322190854.htm cf: https://phys.org/news/2023-03-copper-artifacts-reveal-cultural-southern.html Searching for evidence of Jewish heritage in Morocco: https://www.timesofisrael.com/archaeologists-search-for-signs-of-jewish-past-in-moroccos-southern-oases/ https://thearabweekly.com/archaeologists-search-vestiges-jewish-heritage-moroccos-southern-oases https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230319-in-search-of-jewish-heritage-in-morocco-s-southern-oases Feature on Mauretania's Chinguetti manuscripts: https://phys.org/news/2023-03-capsules-mauritania-precious-chinguetti-manuscripts.html ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ Broken statuary, including fragments of depictions of Ramesses II, Ramesses IX, Psamtik II, and Horemheb from a sun temple at Heliopolis: https://www.livescience.com/ancient-egyptian-pharaoh-sphinx-statues-unearthed-at-sun-temple https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11898261/Archaeologists-uncover-broken-statue-Egypts-POWERFUL-pharaoh-sun-temple-Heliopolis.html https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/03/new-discoveries-at-the-matriya-sun-temple/146592 http://www.archaeology.org/news/11305-230324-egypt-heliopolis-temple Plenty of mummified animal remains, including 2000+ Ptolemaic rams' heads (and more) from the Ramesses II temple site in Abydos: https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/9/492386/Antiquities/Ancient-Egypt%E2%80%99s-Ramses-II-temple-reveals-animal-mu.aspx https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-735413 https://www.bna.bh/en/news?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2bDhgReS%2bJeOBv8snteGm5mrE%3d https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/ancient-egypt-excavation-uncovers-2000-mummified-ram-heads-abydos-2023-03-25/ Restoration at Luxor's Temple of Esna have revealed a (probably Ptolemaic) depiction of the Zodiac: https://www.livescience.com/ancient-zodiac-paintings-on-egyptian-temple-see-the-light-of-day-a

=========================================================== explorator 25.48 March 19, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ Feature on the 'wooden club myth': https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/ancient-wooden-clubs-myth/ https://www.iflscience.com/club-wielding-ancestors-myth-or-reality-68017 Feature on Lapedo Child: https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0f8khzt/lapedo-child-a-neanderthal-modern-human-hybrid- More on rethinking caused by monkeys making 'stone tools': https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/macaques-stone-tool-human-ancestors-b2299546.html https://www.sciencenews.org/article/monkey-stone-flakes-ancient-hominid-tools https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/03/13/surprising-similarities-in-stone-tools-of-early-humans-and-monkeys/ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/stone-flakes-made-by-monkeys-raise-questions-about-early-human-tools-180981785/ https://www.archaeology.org/news/11280-230313-monkey-stone-flakes More on Neanderthals apparently collecting trophy skulls: https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/neanderthals-collect-animal-skulls-spain More on bow-and-arrow use in Europe some 54 000 years bp: https://www.zmescience.com/science/archaeology/the-first-humans-in-europe-mastered-bow-and-arrow-technology-54000-years-ago/ ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ Italy helped in the restoration of a Mithras-worshipper's tomb in Girgaresh (Libya): https://www.libyaherald.com/2023/03/italy-helps-in-restoration-of-aelia-arisuth-mithras-worshipers-tomb-in-girgarish/ ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ Studying petroglyphs to learn about pre-Egyptian divinities: https://phys.org/news/2023-03-images-cult-gods-pre-egyptian-society.html Latest finds from the dig at Matariya's Sun Temple: https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/9/40/491869/Antiquities/Ancient-Egypt/In-Photos-GermanEgyptian-archaeological-mission-un.aspx https://www.egyptindependent.com/more-remnants-of-temple-of-the-sun-discovered-in-matareya-area/ More on the 16m papyrus of the Book of the Dead found at Saqqara: https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-egypt/complete-book-of-the-dead-discovered-at-saqqara/ Feature on Nazis and Egyptology: https://english.elpais.com/culture/2023-03-18/gods-tombs-and-nazis-the-third-reichs-bad-relationship-with-egyptology.html The Catacombs of the Dendera Temple will be opening to the public: https://egyptindependent.com/catacombs-of-dendera-temple-open-for-visitors-in-june/ Feature on the 7500 years bp 'cursed city' of Sialk Hills (Iran): https://arkeonews.net/7500-year-old-cursed-city-of-iran/ Feature on animal symbolism in Mesopotamian art: https://www.thecollector.com/animals-in-ancient-mesopotamian-art/ Feature on the Cyrus Cylinder: https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-near-eastern-world/the-cyrus-cylinder/ Feature on the rise of the Sasanian empire: https://www.thecollector.com/rise-of-the-sasanian-empire/ More on the fragment of a (now) 1500 years bp lioness sculpture (and more) from Ein Nashut: https://www.timesofisrael.com/students-on-northern-israel-field-trip-stumble-onto-1500-year-old-lioness-carving/ https://www.ynetnews.com/travel/article/syzftqj12 Feature on the 'Tomb of Absalom': https://www.asor.org/anetoday/

=========================================================== explorator 25.47 March 12, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Floris Strijbos, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ Monkeys making stone flakes is raising questions about early human tool use: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/03/10/1161652099/monkey-stone-flakes-early-humans-tools https://digitaleditions.telegraph.co.uk/data/1275/reader/reader.html?#!preferred/0/package/1275/pub/1275/page/29/article/NaN https://www.sciencealert.com/the-broken-stones-of-monkeys-look-uncannily-like-something-we-used-to-make https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-stone-wielding-macaques-can-tell-us-about-early-human-tool-use/ Pondering why humans don't have fur: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230310-why-dont-humans-have-fur Feature on Kristina Eck and a heidelbergensis jawbone: https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2023-03-12/homo-heidelbergensis-jawbone-kristina-eck-human-fossil-mandible/102035416 Feature on a smashed Cro-Magnon skull found in the 1800s: https://www.iflscience.com/europe-s-earliest-modern-humans-may-have-smashed-each-other-s-skulls-in-67868 A DNA study (small sample?) has 'discovered' eight new prehistoric human groups: https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-733442 ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ A 2000+ bp Mauretanian burial from Qsirissi: https://telquel.ma/instant-t/2023/03/07/decouverte-dune-tombe-mauretanienne-a-qsirissi-pres-de-larache_1803810/ Vague item on the find of Jewish antiquities and Hebrew texts (date?) in Tata (Morocco): https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-733526 More on the 25th/Nubian dynasty inscriptions found at Old Dongola: https://www.livescience.com/remains-of-ancient-temple-with-hieroglyphic-inscriptions-discovered-in-sudan https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/03/ancient-egyptian-discovery-rewrites-history-of-sudanese-kingdom/146324 https://www.archaeology.org/news/11277-230310-sudan-old-dongola More on calls to protect Libyan heritage sites: https://www.africanews.com/2023/03/06/calls-to-protect-libyan-heritage-site-spoilt-by-vandals/ ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ A small shrine with a small sphinx statue currently being identified as possibly depicting Claudius from the temple of Dendera site: https://phys.org/news/2023-03-smiley-dimpled-sphinx-statue-unearthed.html https://www.livescience.com/newfound-ancient-egyptian-sphinx-statue-may-depict-roman-emperor-claudius-but-not-everyone-agrees https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/491186.aspx https://dailynewsegypt.com/2023/03/06/egypt-discovers-statue-of-great-sphinx-remains-of-claudius-cabin-next-to-dendera-temple/ https://egyptindependent.com/photos-sphinx-remains-of-roman-emperors-cabin-found-near-dendera-temple/ https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230307-archaeologists-find-smiling-sphinx-in-southern-egypt/ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/06/sphinx-like-statue-and-shrine-discovered-in-southern-egypt https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64870562 https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/egyptians-eye-claudius-in-face-of-newly-found-sphinx-wfdp6pdrn https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/smiling-mini-sphinx-with-dimples-egypt-b2296364.html https://www.timesofisrael.com/archaeologists-in-egypt-unearth-sphinx-like-roman-era-sta

=========================================================== explorator 25.46 March 5, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ A study of a homo erectus skull from Gona (Ethiopia) doesn't exhibit any traits of the human genus, apparently: https://phys.org/news/2023-03-team-publishes-brain-homo-erectus.html https://www.science20.com/news_staff/dan5p1_homo_erectus_early_cranial_capacity_was_more_like_australopiths_such_as_lucy-256492 cf: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.24717 Suggestion that Neanderthals, Denisovans, and sapiens may have been together in Iran: https://phys.org/news/2023-03-environment-hominin-dispersals-ancient-iran.html https://www.iflscience.com/neanderthals-denisovans-and-modern-humans-might-have-intermingled-in-iran-67704 ... and Iran might have been a 'hot spot' for Neanderthal migration: https://phys.org/news/2023-03-european-neanderthal-migration-hints-hidden.html https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230301141358.htm https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-733350 cf: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0281978 Tools found in a cave in Poland fifty years ago date to 500 000 years bp or so: https://www.sciencealert.com/500000-year-old-signs-of-extinct-human-species-found-in-poland-cave Evidence of bow and arrow use by homo sapiens in France, 54 000 years bp: https://www.livescience.com/54000-year-old-stone-points-are-oldest-evidence-of-bows-and-arrows-in-europe https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archery-may-have-arrived-in-europe-thousands-of-years-earlier-than-thought-180981690/ Feature on Neanderthal brain size: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/brutes-and-brains-what-we-know-about-neanderthal-brain-size Feature on Gravettian culture: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/the-gravettian-culture-that-survived-an-ice-age Feature on applying proteomics to the study of human evolution: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/mar/05/new-analysis-of-ancient-human-protein-could-unlock-secrets-of-evolution ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ A project to restore/'revitalize' the oldest preserved mosque in Sudan: https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/03/01/project-to-revitalize-the-oldest-mosque-in-sudan/ Blocks from a 25th/Nubian Dynasty temple found in Old Dongola (Sudan): https://arkeonews.net/archaeologists-have-discovered-sandstone-blocks-belonging-to-a-pharaohs-temple-covered-with-hieroglyphs-in-sudan/ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/03/ancient-egyptian-discovery-rewrites-history-of-sudanese-kingdom/146324 https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/03/02/hieroglyphs-discovered-in-old-dongola-sudan/ Feature on Anna Leone and her efforts to reduce antiquities trafficking in Libya: https://libyaobserver.ly/culture/archaeologist-anna-leone-fight-against-illicit-trafficking-libyan-antiquities-top-priority ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ Muon analysis has revealed a hitherto unknown corridor/chamber in the Great Pyramid: https://phys.org/news/2023-03-egypt-unveils-hidden-corridor-giza.html https://www.livescience.com/cosmic-rays-reveal-hidden-30-foot-long-corridor-in-egypts-great-pyramid https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-64825526 https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/arch

=========================================================== explorator 25.45 February 26, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Robin Derricourt, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ Evidence of use of bows and arrows by modern humans in France some 54 000 years bp: https://phys.org/news/2023-02-bow-and-arrow-technology-modern-humans-europe.html https://digitaleditions.telegraph.co.uk/data/1255/reader/reader.html?#!preferred/0/package/1255/pub/1255/page/39/article/NaN https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2023-02-22/ty-article/modern-humans-with-bows-and-arrows-invaded-france-54-000-years-ago/00000186-790b-dc22-afe7-797f234f0000 https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/23/world/france-cave-earliest-bow-arrow-use-outside-africa-scn https://www.sciencealert.com/bows-were-being-used-in-europe-40000-years-earlier-than-we-thought https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archery-may-have-arrived-in-europe-thousands-of-years-earlier-than-thought-180981690/ https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/02/23/bow-and-arrow-technology-of-the-first-modern-humans-in-europe/ http://www.archaeology.org/news/11252-230224-france-bows-arrows cf: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.add4675 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00526-y Feature on Palaeolithic children: https://aeon.co/essays/what-was-it-like-to-grow-up-in-the-last-ice-age https://boingboing.net/2023/02/20/what-was-it-like-being-a-child-during-the-last-ice-age.html Feature on adaptability among Neanderthal groups in various places: https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/02/neanderthals-spread-diverse-cultures-across-eurasia-before-we-came-along/ More on Neanderthals eating seafood: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/did-neanderthals-eat-seafood-neanderthals-cooked-and-ate-crab-off-the-coast More on Paranthropus and the Oldowan toolkit: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/researchers-unearth-3-million-year-old-tools ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ A group of 22 Persian, Roman, and Coptic tombs from Minya: https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/9/41/489649/Antiquities/GrecoRoman/In-Photos--Persian,-Roman-and-Coptic-tombs-discove.aspx https://www.egyptindependent.com/around-22-tombs-dating-back-to-different-eras-discovered-in-upper-egypt/ https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article272595872.html https://greekreporter.com/2023/02/26/group-persian-roman-coptic-tombs-discovered-egypt/ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/02/coptic-era-tombs-uncovered-in-upper-egypts-minya/146289 That 16-metre scroll of the Book of the Dead has gone on display: https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/9/488450/Antiquities/In-Photos-Waziri-I-Papyrus-on-display-for-first-ti.aspx https://www.livescience.com/see-photos-of-stunningly-preserved-52-foot-long-book-of-the-dead-papyrus-from-ancient-egypt https://apnews.com/article/politics-middle-east-egypt-cairo-de982a0960d26b90025b83cef9b50914 https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2023/02/21/second-longest-ancient-scroll-unveiled-in-special-ceremony-at-egyptian-museum/ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/egypt-ap-cairo-tahrir-square-b2286076.html https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11789521/See-preserved-52-foot-long-Book-Dead-papyrus-laid-ancient-Egyptian-tomb.html https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2023/02/21/second-longest-ancient-scroll-unveiled-in-special-ceremony-at-egyptian-museum/ https://www

=========================================================== explorator 25.44 February 19, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ Using radiocarbon 3.0 to study interactions between sapiens and neanderthals: https://phys.org/news/2023-02-radiocarbon-method-interaction-homo-sapiens.html Feature on what we know about Neanderthals' sense of smell: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/neanderthal-dna-what-genomes-tells-us-about-their-sense-of-smell Feature on Neanderthal hunting strategies/methods: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/ancient-predators-a-guide-to-the-neanderthal-hunt Study suggests Neanderthal genes have helped modern humans adapt to the length of the day: https://phys.org/news/2023-02-neanderthal-genes-early-humans-differences.html General discussion about Neanderthals: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3ct38tq More on the possibility paranthropus was making tools in Kenya some 2.9 million years bp: https://phys.org/news/2023-02-stone-age-discovery-fuels-mystery.html https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64595418 http://www.archaeology.org/news/11231-230213-paranthropus-oldowan-tools More on crab-eating Neanderthals: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/07/science/neanderthals-crab-portugal.html ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ More on the 500 years bp Khoisan horn container from South Africa: https://www.modernghana.com/news/1213023/cowabunga-horn-reveals-herbal-mixtures-used-by.html ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ Saite Period column remains from a site at Buto: https://the-past.com/news/columns-of-a-7th-century-bc-hall-uncovered-at-buto/ A pair of New Kingdom tombs from Dra Abu El-Naga are now open to the public: https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/02/13/two-dra-abu-el-naga-tombs-open-to-the-public/ ... as is the Middle Kingdom tomb of Meru on Luxor's West Bank: https://www.lonelyplanet.com/news/middle-kingdom-meru-opens-luxor-egypt Carter and his Egyptian excavators opened Tutankhamun's tomb 100 years ago this week: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/king-tut-tomb-opening-100-years-artifacts-2256730 Feature on Tutankhamun's pectoral jewellery origins: https://www.iflscience.com/unusual-yellow-gem-in-king-tut-s-tomb-created-by-meteor-crash-in-sahara-67593 Zahi Hawass was encouraging the signing of a UK law to allow the return of Egyptian antiquities: https://www.egyptindependent.com/zahi-hawass-supports-petition-to-repatriate-rosetta-stone-and-other-antiquities/ https://see.news/zahi-hawass-urges-arabs-to-sign-amendment-to-uk-law-for-returning-egyptian-antiquities OpEd on whether major institutions should be acquiring Egyptian antiquities: https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/louvre-trafficking-case-egyptian-antiquities-acquisitions-reconsideration-1234657255/ Review of Lynne Olson, *Empress of the Nile*: https://www.washingtonpost.com/books/2023/02/16/empress-of-the-nile-book/ More on the 'digital unwrapping' of the 2300 years bp 'Golden Boy' mummified person: https://scitechdaily.com/golden-boy-researchers-digitally-unwrap-2300-year-old-undisturbed-mummy/ More on the recently-found 16 metre papyrus copy of the Book of the Dead from a Saqqara tomb: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/52-foot-long-ancient-egyptian-papyrus-discovered A Ro

=========================================================== explorator 25.43 February 12, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ A 2.9 million years bp example of the 'Oldowan toolkit' from a site in Kenya (and attributed to paranthropus): https://phys.org/news/2023-02-million-year-old-butchery-site-reopens-case.html https://phys.org/news/2023-02-stone-age-discovery-fuels-mystery.html https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2023/february/oldest-remains-ancient-human-relative-paranthropus-suggest-possible-tool-use.html https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/02/230209141458.htm https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/feb/09/discovery-ancient-stone-tools-prehistoric-mystery-whodunnit https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64595418 https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/stone-age-discovery-fuels-mystery-made-early-tools-97011778 https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/09/world/first-stone-tools-hippo-scn/index.html https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/stone-age-discovery-in-kenya-fuels-mystery-of-who-made-the-earliest-tools https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2023/02/3-million-year-old-stone-tools-found-and-our-ancestors-likely-didnt-make-them https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-731311 https://digitaleditions.telegraph.co.uk/data/1242/reader/reader.html?#!preferred/0/package/1242/pub/1242/page/42/article/NaN https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2023-02-10/fossils-animal-bones-stone-tools-early-hominin-east-africa/101937222 https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/puzzled-archaeologists-find-stone-tools-that-don-t-match-human-remains-20230209-p5cj7j.html https://www.newscientist.com/article/2358821-early-hominin-paranthropus-may-have-used-sophisticated-stone-tools/ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/02/2-9-million-year-old-butchery-site-offers-window-into-the-dawn-of-stone-age-technology/146166 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/who-made-the-first-stone-toolkits-180981606/ https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/02/10/who-made-the-first-stone-tools/ cf: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo7452 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00386-6 A cave near Lisbon provides evidence that Neanderthals were dining on crab: https://phys.org/news/2023-02-proof-neanderthals-ate-crabs-coffin.html https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/07/science/neanderthals-crab-portugal.html https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/neanderthals-seafood-crabs-portugal-lisbon-b2277967.html https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/07/world/neanderthal-diet-crabs-scn/index.html https://blog.frontiersin.org/2023/02/07/proof-that-neanderthals-ate-crabs-is-another-nail-in-the-coffin-for-primitive-cave-dweller-stereotypes/ https://news.artnet.com/art-world/archaeologists-neanderthal-feast-roasted-crab-2253410 https://www.zmescience.com/science/neanderthals-were-way-more-sophisticated-than-you-think-they-even-enjoyed-a-refined-delicacy/ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neanderthals-dined-on-crab-90000-years-ago-180981604/ http://www.archaeology.org/news/11184-230208-neanderthal-crab-roast Neanderthals were present on the Iberian Peninsula at Gipuzkoa much later than previously thought: https://phys.org/news/2023-02-neanderthals-longer-gipuzkoa-previously-thought.html cf: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.24694 Possible Neanderthal remains from Somerset: https://www.somersetlive.co.uk/news/somerset-news/human-remains-found-somerset-cave-8134861 More on evidence from German

=========================================================== explorator 25.42 February 5, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ A site in Germany reveals the elephant-hunting activities of Neanderthals: https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/news/2023/02/archaeological-breakthrough-evidence-that-neanderthals-hunted-giant-elephants https://phys.org/news/2023-02-neanderthals-butchered-massive-elephants.html https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/feb/01/pit-find-in-germany-reveals-how-neanderthals-hunted-huge-elephants https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/02/science/archaeology-neanderthals-elephants.html https://www.rfi.fr/en/science-environment/20230201-neanderthals-hunted-butchered-massive-elephants-study https://digitaleditions.telegraph.co.uk/data/1237/reader/reader.html?#!preferred/0/package/1237/pub/1237/page/48/article/NaN https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neanderthals-hunted-and-butchered-massive-elephants-125000-years-ago-180981578/ cf: https://www.science.org/content/article/neanderthals-lived-groups-big-enough-eat-giant-elephants Meanwhile, also in Spain, the Cueva del Arco provides evidence of cave bears as well as hominids: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/03/bear-clawed-cavern-discovered-in-spain-opens-new-door-on-prehistory Studying the physical implications of the Neanderthal's high-meat diet: https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2023-02-05/ty-article/the-neanderthals-and-the-mystery-of-the-missing-zinc/00000186-20c8-d442-a18f-afc96f5a0000 https://the-past.com/news/the-feasibility-of-using-zinc-isotopes-as-a-proxy-for-diet/ More on the 1.2 years bp obsidian workshop from Ethiopia: https://cosmosmagazine.com/history/obsidian-handaxe-workshop/ http://www.archaeology.org/news/11166-230201-ethiopia-obsidian-axes More on the herbivore skulls apparently collected by Neanderthals in the Cueva Des-Cubierta in Spain: https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2023-01-31/ty-article/archaeologists-report-anomalous-collection-of-animal-skulls-by-neanderthals-in-spain/00000186-07a4-d2bd-a3df-a7e6a53a0000 https://cosmosmagazine.com/history/neanderthal-skull-cave/ https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/neanderthals-may-have-used-animal-skulls-as-decor https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/01/neanderthals-kept-animal-skulls-as-hunting-trophies/146069 https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/02/02/study-confirms-that-neanderthals-possessed-symbolic-capacity/ http://www.archaeology.org/news/11172-230202-neanderthal-trophy-skulls More on the possible homo erectus skull recently found in China: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/ancient-skull-found-in-china-might-be-homo-erectus Feature on Olduvai Gorge: https://face2faceafrica.com/article/exploring-olduvai-gorge-a-rich-archaeological-site-in-east-africa-where-evidence-of-the-first-humans-was-found Feature on the Rift Valley: https://aeon.co/essays/the-rift-valley-tells-the-entire-human-story-from-the-start Rethinking the 'one place' homo sapiens origin story: https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/human-evolution-east-africa/ ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ Possible identification of water management structures at Great Zimbabwe: https://geo.au.dk/en/collaboration/water-in-africa/great-zimbabwe https://www.sciencealert.com/mysterious-medieval-city-in-africa-had-a-genius-system-to-survive-drought http://www.archaeology.org/news/11169-

=========================================================== explorator 25.41 January 29, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ A 1.2 million years bp obsidian (!) workshop from Ethiopia: https://phys.org/news/2023-01-obsidian-handaxe-making-workshop-million-years.html https://www.vice.com/en/article/n7zx77/archaeologists-discover-12-million-year-old-workshop-in-mind-blowing-find cf: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-022-01970-1 The Cueva Des-Cubierta in Spain suggests an accumulation of herbivore skulls collected by Neanderthals was 'symbolic': https://phys.org/news/2023-01-large-animal-skulls-neanderthal-cave.html cf: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01503-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00229-4 A study of the role of 'smell' in Denisovan and Neanderthal lives: https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/01/27/study-offers-new-insight-on-what-ancient-noses-smelled/ Using fossil teeth to reveal human brain evolution: https://theconversation.com/fossil-teeth-reveal-how-brains-developed-in-utero-over-millions-of-years-of-human-evolution-new-research-193167 ... and a study of thin tooth enamel in homo antecessor: https://www.cenieh.es/en/press/news/neanderthals-are-not-only-species-whose-dentition-characterized-possession-thin-enamel https://www.archaeology.org/11150-230126-homo-antecessor-teeth On how large mammals impacted human evolution: https://theconversation.com/large-mammals-shaped-the-evolution-of-humans-heres-why-it-happened-in-africa-196398 Another 'rethinking the Neanderthals' piece: https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2023-01-28/ty-article/sensitive-and-vulnerable-neanderthals-may-not-have-been-that-different-from-us/00000185-f5f1-d4a2-adb5-f5f992840000 ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ A study of water use at Great Zimbabwe: https://phys.org/news/2023-01-uncovers-mystery-large-city-southern.html https://www.classicult.it/en/the-water-mystery-of-the-first-large-city-in-southern-africa-great-zimbabwe/ https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/01/26/research-uncovers-water-mystery-of-the-first-large-city-in-southern-africa/ cf: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213305422000388 ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ A 4300 years bp mummified person wrapped in gold leaf (the 'oldest') from near the Step Pyramid at Saqqara: https://egyptianstreets.com/2023/01/26/egypt-discovers-oldest-mummy-ever-found/ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/26/archaeologist-hails-possibly-oldest-mummy-yet-found-in-egypt https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-64415816 https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/archaeologist-hails-possibly-oldest-mummy-yet-found-egypt-2023-01-26/ https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ancient-egypt-oldest-non-royal-mummy-ever-discovered-saqqara-wrapped-in-gold/ https://www.cnn.com/style/article/egypt-oldest-mummy-uncovered-intl-scli-scn/index.html https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-729935 https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/egypt/2023/01/26/4300-year-old-gilded-mummy-discovered-in-cairos-saqqara-necropolis/ https://see.news/french-archaeologist-we-found-mummy-of-a-man-covered-with-gold-leaf-called-messi https://greekreporter.com/2023/01/29/egypt-oldest-mummy/ https://www.rte.ie/news/newslens/2023/0127/1352138-egypt-discovers-old

=========================================================== explorator 25.40 January 22, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ I think we mentioned this redating of hominin footprints in Spain to 295 800 years bp: https://the-past.com/news/hominin-footprints-in-spain/ Trying to figure out the diet of homo erectus from tooth analysis: https://phys.org/news/2023-01-early-humans-tooth-enamel-reveals.html Another tooth study compared Neanderthal and homo antecessor teeth: https://phys.org/news/2023-01-neanderthals-species-dentition-characterized-thin.html cf: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-022-01947-0 Climate change apparently didn't affect Neanderthal hunting strategies at the Cobe-Grenal (France) site: https://phys.org/news/2023-01-neanderthal-site-combe-grenal-france-strategies.html https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/01/230118195840.htm Study/feature on artistic abilities of Neanderthals: https://theconversation.com/neanderthals-the-oldest-art-in-the-world-wasnt-made-by-homo-sapiens-194113 https://phys.org/news/2023-01-neanderthals-oldest-art-world-wasnt.html Not sure where to put this item on the role of altruism in human development: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jan/16/altruism-towards-other-species-may-have-helped-humans-thrive-study-finds cf: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/hai.2023.0001 ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ War-related concerns for Ethiopian antiquities: https://issafrica.org/iss-today/ethiopia-loses-national-treasures-to-the-northern-war ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ A 16 metre long copy of a Book of the Dead from a site in Siaqqara (first such in a century!): https://www.egyptindependent.com/intact-ancient-papyrus-scroll-uncovered-in-saqqara-the-first-in-a-century/ https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/archaeologists-uncover-52-foot-long-ancient-papyrus-intact-50-bce-1234654565/ https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/01/archaeologists-discovered-a-new-papyrus-of-egyptian-book-of-the-dead/ https://arkeonews.net/egyptian-archaeologists-discovered-16-meters-long-ancient-papyrus-with-spells-from-the-book-of-the-dead/ Another crocodile find ... this time, ten 5th century BCE crocodile mummies from tombs at Qubbat al-Hawa: https://phys.org/news/2023-01-mummified-crocodiles-insights-mummy-making.html https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/01/230118195848.htm https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium/356058/belgian-archaeologists-investigate-egyptian-tomb-containing-mummified-crocodiles https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-728450 https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/18/science/mummified-crocodiles-egypt-tomb.html https://uk.style.yahoo.com/spanish-archaeologists-discover-egyptian-crocodile-150903444.html https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/01/ancient-egyptian-tomb-uncovered-with-mummified-crocodiles/145977 https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2023/01/20/egyptian-tomb-with-ten-crocodile-mummies-discovered%E2%80%AF/ cf: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279137 Excavations at the Faiyum Oasis necropolis have revealed a child buried with 142 dogs (date?): https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-729101 https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/01/child-buried-with-142-dogs-in-ancient-egyptian-necropolis/145952 More on the recently-foun

=========================================================== explorator 25.39 January 15, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Floris Strijbos, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ Evidence that early hominids were meat eaters: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/which-animals-did-early-humans-mainly-hunt Study of evidence for 60 000 years bp hunting in Israel: https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2023-01-12/ty-article/archaeologists-find-surprising-moment-in-the-life-of-prehistoric-hunters-in-israel/00000185-a110-ddab-adff-e71591cd0000 Interview with Svante Paabo about perceptions of Neanderthals: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jan/12/svante-paabo-interview-nobel-prize More on the million-year-old homo erectus skull from China: https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202301/1283493.shtml More on early humans 'sailing' across the Mediterranean: https://www.zmescience.com/science/human-ancestors-may-have-sailed-across-the-mediterranean-sea-half-a-million-years-ago/ ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ UNESCO protection for Meroe: https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Archaeological_Sites_of_Island_of_Meroe_a_semi_desert_landscape_in_Sudan_protected_by_UNESCO-2443067 More on the Slave Wrecks Project at various African sites: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/08/a-search-for-ourselves-shipwreck-becomes-focus-of-slavery-debate ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ A Thutmosis-era royal tomb from Luxor: https://phys.org/news/2023-01-egypt-unveils-ancient-royal-tomb.html https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/9/40/484227/Antiquities/Ancient-Egypt/Royal-tomb-from-Thutmosid-period-discovered-on-Lux.aspx https://www.egyptindependent.com/ancient-egyptian-royal-tomb-uncovered-in-luxor/ https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/121899/Egypt-announces-the-discovery-of-royal-tomb-in-the-Western https://www.dailysabah.com/life/history/ancient-royal-burial-chamber-unearthed-in-egypts-luxor https://www.trtworld.com/art-culture/egypt-unveils-royal-tomb-in-luxor-dating-back-around-3-500-years-64517 https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/egypt-says-ancient-royal-tomb-unearthed-in-luxor/2023/01/14/ef26531c-941a-11ed-90f8-53661ac5d9b9_story.html https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ancient-royal-tomb-unearthed-in-luxor-by-archaeologists/ https://www.dw.com/en/egypt-unearths-new-royal-tomb-in-luxor/a-64394999 https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-728571 https://www.rfi.fr/en/middle-east/20230114-egypt-unveils-ancient-royal-tomb-in-luxor https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230114-egypt-unveils-ancient-royal-tomb-in-luxor Genetic analysis/calculations suggest smallpox may go back at least to Egypt, some 3800 years bp: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/01/230109112755.htm http://www.archaeology.org/news/11124-230112-smallpox-virus-evolution A study of illustrated papyrus from ancient Egypt: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-27761-7 Egypt is reconstructing a shrine to the Old Kingdom ruler Winnie: https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/9/40/483946/Antiquities/Ancient-Egypt/Reconstruction-of-shrine-to-regional-Old-Kingdom-r.aspx More on funerary finds from Fayum: https://the-past.com/news/funerary-finds-in-fayum/ More on crocodile skulls from a pair of tombs near the Temple of Hatshepsut: https://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/e

=========================================================== explorator 25.38 January 8, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Bill Gebhardt, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). n.b. there are some 'older' items in the 'Interest' sections (I think I'm pretty much caught up now) ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ Pondering the apparent disappearance of Neanderthals: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/why-did-neanderthals-disappear A study of what scents various ancient hominids could perceive: https://phys.org/news/2023-01-ancient-humans-sensitivities.html cf: https://www.cell.com/iscience/pdf/S2589-0042(22)02181-2.pdf Comparing Neanderthal and Sapiens brains: https://theconversation.com/human-and-neanderthal-brains-have-a-surprising-youthful-quality-in-common-new-research-finds-191594 https://phys.org/news/2023-01-human-neanderthal-brains-youthful-quality.html https://www.livescience.com/youthful-human-and-neanderthal-brains cf: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-022-01933-6 More on the million-year-old homo erectus skull excavated in China: https://english.cctv.com/2023/01/03/VIDEdwiaMuS3yYvMJsX6ASvZ230103.shtml https://english.news.cn/20230105/d94363034bb6433ca190678ee3c3102a/c.html More on early humans wearing bearskins 300 000 years bp: https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/05/europe/bear-skins-prehistoric-clothing-scn/index.html https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/prehistoric-europeans-surviving-winter-fur-b2255116.html https://www.sciencealert.com/cut-marks-on-ancient-bones-reveal-what-was-in-fashion-320000-years-ago https://www.iflscience.com/humans-were-skinning-bears-to-wear-their-fur-320-000-years-ago-66923 More on early humans sailing the Aegean some 450 000 years bp: https://greekcitytimes.com/2023/01/04/archaic-humans-sailed-to-aegean-islands-450000-years-ago-new-study-shows/ ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ Feature on the Slave Wrecks Project (mostly with an Africa focus): https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/08/a-search-for-ourselves-shipwreck-becomes-focus-of-slavery-debate ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ Egypt made 26 archaeological announcements in 2022: https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/121752/Egypt-s-Ministry-of-Tourism-Antiquities-announces-26-archaeological-discoveries Feature on Egypt's Red List to recover assorted Egyptian artifacts: https://cairoscene.com/Buzz/National-Red-List-Will-Keep-Track-of-Smuggled-Egyptian-Artefacts More on the find of noble burials (and nine crocodile heads) from the Theban necropolis: https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/mysterious-crocodile-heads-discovered-ancient-egyptian-tomb-1234652532/ More on the find of 60 'renegade mummies' from the tomb of Amenhotep Huy: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/archaeologists-discover-60-egyptian-mummies-luxor-2238388 https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/01/04/discovery-of-60-mummies-in-egyptian-city-of-luxor-points-to-elaborate-burial-ground Feature on the bust of Nefertiti: https://egyptindependent.com/nefertiti-the-confused-egyptian-queen-between-her-original-homeland-and-her-german-residence/ Feature on Tutankhamun's 'space dagger': https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0dtmhm8/the-mystery-of-tutankhamun-s-space-dagger- In case you missed the revival of the 'tomb of Osiris' stuff: https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-egypt-tomb-of-osi

=========================================================== explorator 25.36-37 January 1, 2023 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Alan, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ... Happy New Year! A somewhat incomplete issue but plenty long enough; I'll finish the catchup next week ... ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ A roundup of 'human evolution' finds in 2022: https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2022-12-28/ty-article-timeline/hominins-on-the-briny-and-other-human-evolution-stories-in-2022/00000185-58bb-d6a2-adf5-79fbe70e0000 An 800 000 years bp+ homo erectus skull from China's Hubei province: https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-12-27/Million-year-old-fossilized-skull-of-Homo-erectus-excavated-in-China-1g6oYNMMxl6/index.html https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202212/28/WS63ac3f47a31057c47eba6a95.html A 40 000 years bp cave site in Spain may be the 'last hangout' for Neanderthals: https://www.iflscience.com/cave-chamber-closed-for-40-000-years-found-in-neanderthals-last-hangout-66822 300 000 years bp evidence of humans wearing bearskins from a site in Lower Saxony: https://phys.org/news/2022-12-humans-skins-years.html https://www.jpost.com/science/article-726262 https://www.archaeology.org/news/11094-221223-europe-bear-skin cf: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248422001543 More on 300 000 years bp evidence of tool use from that same site in Lower Saxony: https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/university/news-and-publications/press-releases/press-releases/article/tiny-flakes-tell-a-story-of-tool-use-300000-years-ago/ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/12/300000-year-old-flakes-indicate-ancient-tool-use/145554 https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2022/12/19/tiny-flakes-tell-a-story-of-tool-use-300000-years-ago/ http://www.archaeology.org/news/11089-221221-sharp-flint-flakes More on the suggestion that hominins were sailing the Mediterranean 450 000 years bp: https://phys.org/news/2022-12-human-ancestors-aegean-sea.html https://www.sciencealert.com/ancient-humans-may-have-sailed-the-mediterranean-450000-years-ago https://www.salon.com/2022/12/28/our-human-ancestors-learned-to-sail-half-a-million-years-ago-study-suggests/ More on why hominins may have started walking: https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2022/12/19/early-humans-may-have-first-walked-upright-in-the-trees/ Study suggests that some 50 000 years bp stone tools from Brazil may have been made by monkeys: https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/12/50000-year-old-stone-tools-were-made-by-monkeys/145671 Haven't had a Neanderthal revisionism piece in a while: https://www.newsweek.com/2023/01/13/neanderthals-were-smart-sophisticated-creative-misunderstood-1769443.html ... on something on human/Neanderthal interbreeding: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/forensic-anthropology-expands-the-view-on-human-neanderthal-interbreeding Feature/interview on Chris Stringer's work with assorted early hominins: https://www.theguardian.com/focus/2022/dec/31/chris-stringer-origins-of-man-lifelong-mission ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ A pair of 6th/7th century (Aksumite) churches from Adulis: https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/12/archaeologists-excavate-ancient-churches-from-african-kingdom/145447 Feature on archaeology in Sudan by Sudanese archaeologists: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/27/young-sudanese-archaeologists-dig-up-history-as-west-knows-best-era-ends Feature on Nubian civilization: https://www.na

double issue next week ... sorry for the inconvenience! dm

we're not sure how busy tomorrow will be... dm

=========================================================== explorator 25.35 December 18, 2022 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ Study suggests hominins were sailing the Mediterranean some 450 000 years bp: https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2022-12-15/ty-article/hominins-were-sailing-the-mediterranean-half-a-million-years-ago-study-finds/00000185-1590-dcb5-abe7-dfbe1b5c0000 A study of some 300 000 years bp flint flakes from Lower Saxony: https://phys.org/news/2022-12-tiny-flakes-story-tool-years.html https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/12/300000-year-old-flakes-indicate-ancient-tool-use/145554 cf: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24769-3 Rethinking why bipedalism came about: https://phys.org/news/2022-12-early-humans-upright-trees.html https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/12/221214180655.htm https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/dec/14/bipedalism-foraging-research https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2022-12-14/ty-article/chimps-study-suggests-unexpected-origin-for-human-bipedalism/00000185-1138-da2c-a387-31fd11970000 https://www.archaeology.org/news/11082-221216-chimpanzee-trees-walking Feature on 'new' ideas about Neanderthals: https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/dogs-best-friend/202212/new-views-neanderthal-are-reshaping-prehistory On the early origins of the Silk Road: https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0dm0f7c/the-prehistoric-origins-of-the-silk-road ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ 5000 years bp burials from a 'monumental' site in Kenya: https://www.bnd.com/news/nation-world/world/article270007377.html Feature on Vikings in Africa: https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/12/the-vikings-in-africa/145505 ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ A nice hoard of gold jewellery from Amarna: https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/9/40/482509/Antiquities/Ancient-Egypt/In-Photos-Gold-amp;-soapstone-jewellery-discovered.aspx https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/9/40/482509/Antiquities/Ancient-Egypt/In-Photos-A-collection-of-gold-and-steatite-jewell.aspx https://www.livescience.com/gold-jewelry-ancient-egypt-burial https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/121284/Golden-ancient-Egyptian-ornaments-discovered-in-Tel-el-Amarna https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2022/12/13/egyptian-british-archaeologists-unearth-gold-jewellery-in-amarna/ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11543471/Gold-jewelry-remains-Egyptian-woman-buried-3-500-years-ago.html https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-724913 https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/3500-year-old-gold-jewelry-collection-tell-el-amarna-necropolis-egypt-1234650306/ https://english.news.cn/20221214/b5fcd45b977d48a6bd0ad5a627655035/c.html http://www.china.org.cn/arts/2022-12/14/content_85011179.htm https://www.iflscience.com/cache-of-gold-jewelry-found-in-ancient-egyptian-heretic-burial-66704 https://arkeonews.net/archaeologists-unearth-3500-year-old-gold-jewelry-in-egypt/ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/12/ornate-collection-of-golden-jewellery-discovered-in-egypt/145516 https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2022/12/14/gold-jewelry-found-in-tell-el-amarna/ https://www.archaeology.org/news/11075-221214-amarna-necropolis-jewelry Interesting study of Egyptian faience production has revealed a gold mining connection for the qua

=========================================================== explorator 25.34 December 11, 2022 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ A jawbone from Spain may be evidence of the earliest homo sapiens in Europe: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/12/221206204814.htm On evidence of Neanderthals in northwestern Greece: https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2022/12/07/when-the-neanderthals-walked-on-mount-smolikas-in-northwestern-greece/ More on the possibility of homo naledi using fire: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2350008-homo-naledi-may-have-used-fire-to-cook-and-navigate-230000-years-ago/ https://www.sciencenews.org/article/homo-naledi-fire-hominid-cave-human-evolution http://www.archaeology.org/news/11047-221207-homo-naledi-fire ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ Excavation of a pair of churches (6th/7th CE) from Eritrea: https://phys.org/news/2022-12-early-churches-ancient-african-kingdom.html https://www.modbee.com/news/nation-world/world/article269817977.html https://arkeonews.net/archaeologists-have-unearthed-two-early-aksumite-churches-in-africa/ https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/12/archaeologists-excavate-ancient-churches-from-african-kingdom/145447 http://www.archaeology.org/news/11066-221209-ethiopia-aksum-christianity ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ More on the funerary complex and mummy portraits revealed at the Garza site: https://www.livescience.com/fayum-mummy-portraits-discovered-ancient-egypt https://menafn.com/1105288162/Archaeologists-Have-Unearthed-The-First-Full-Color-Portraits-Of-Egyptian-Mummies-In-More-Than-A-Century https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-724311 https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/2022/12/05/egypt-discovers-greco-roman-funerary-complex-south-of-cairo/ https://greekreporter.com/2022/12/04/greek-mummy-portrait-funerary-building-discovered-fayoum-egypt/ https://sports.yahoo.com/archaeologists-discovered-full-color-portraits-150412073.html https://news.artnet.com/art-world/fayoum-mummy-portraits-gerza-egypt-philadelphia-2225766 https://www.iflscience.com/ancient-portraits-of-egyptian-mummies-found-for-first-time-in-century-66549 https://arkeonews.net/huge-funerary-building-and-fayoum-portraits-discovered-in-egypt-fayoum/ https://www.archaeology.org/news/11020-221206-egypt-fayoum-garza More on the 3800 years bp tomb at Qubbet el-Hawa oriented to the winter solstice: https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/11/new-research-identifies-reveals-oldest-ancient-egyptian-tomb-orientated-to-winter-solstice/145270 More on the golden tongued mummy finds from the Quewaisna necropolis south of Cairo: https://sports.yahoo.com/ancient-egyptian-mummies-were-found-102735428.html Feature on the 'dark side' of ancient Egyptian society: https://www.historyextra.com/period/ancient-egypt/the-dark-side-of-ancient-egypt/ Feature on things we have learned about Tutankhamun's mummy: https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-12-08-five-things-science-has-told-us-about-the-mummy-of-tutankhamun/ What Tutankhamun's artifacts reveal about daily life in ancient Egypt: https://aeon.co/essays/what-king-tuts-treasures-reveal-about-daily-life-in-ancient-egypt Feature on reading Egyptian hieroglyphs: https://www.openculture.com/2022/12/how-to-read-ancient-egyptian-

=========================================================== explorator 25.33 December 4 2022 =========================================================== You can read explorator online at: https://exploratornews.wordpress.com/ Thanks to Arthur Shippee, Dave Sowdon, Edward Rockstein, Kurt Theis, John McMahon, Barnea Selavan, Joseph Lauer, Mike Ruggeri, Hernan Astudillo, Bill Gephardt, Richard Campbell, Barbara Saylor Rodgers, Bob Heuman, David Critchley, Bill Gebhardt, Richard Miller, Kris Curry, Rick Heli, Richard C. Griffiths, Frank MacKay, Andy Szegedy-Maszak, Don Buck, mata kimasitayo, and Ross W. Sargent for headses upses this week (as always hoping I have left no one out). ============================================================ EARLY HOMINIDS ============================================================ Suggestion that homo naledi may have used fire: https://www.sciencenews.org/article/homo-naledi-fire-hominid-cave-human-evolution https://www.cbsnews.com/news/homo-naledi-pre-human-ancestor-fire-tool-south-africa/ Possible 275 000 years bp 'neanderthal footprints' from Spain: https://phys.org/news/2022-12-neanderthal-footprints-south-spain-years.html A possible homo erectus skull from China: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-04142-0 Study suggests humans may have arrived in northern Europe earlier than currently thought: https://www.pnas.org/post/journal-club/humans-could-have-arrived-northern-europe-earlier-than-fossils-and-stone-tools-suggest More on Palaeolithic cooking comparisons between Shanidar and Franchthi Caves: https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2022-11-23/ty-article/neanderthals-used-same-cooking-techniques-as-humans-new-study-shows/00000184-9f85-d710-a7c6-dfc7a8550000 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/neanderthals-cooked-up-complex-and-tasty-meals-70000-years-ago-180981207/ https://www.archaeology.org/news/11001-221129-paleolithic-cooking-techniques Feature on Neanderthal diet: https://greekreporter.com/2022/11/07/neanderthal-diet-archaeology-science/ Feature on Neanderthals and Denisovans: https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/11/who-were-the-neanderthals-and-denisovans/145233 ============================================================ AFRICA ============================================================ 80 000 years bp bone tools from the Sibudu rock shelter in South Africa: https://partner.sciencenorway.no/africa-archeology-society-and-culture/scientists-discover-80000-year-old-bone-tools/2111047 http://www.archaeology.org/news/11008-221201-bone-tools-plants DNA from a 4000 years bp burial in Sudan is shedding light on early eastern African pastoralists: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25384-y More on the human contribution to megafauna extinction on Madagascar 1000 years bp: https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/971979 https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2022/11/29/charcoal-and-cattle-correlate-with-madagascars-megafaunal-extinctions/ http://www.archaeology.org/news/11000-221128-madagascar-extinction-pastoralism ============================================================ ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT ============================================================ A major Ptolemaic/Roman era funerary building with fayoum-style portraits and more from the Garza site: https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/480869.aspx https://egyptindependent.com/fayum-mummy-portraits-discovered-in-fayoum/ https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/121053/Egyptian-archaeological-mission-uncovers-a-huge-funerary-building-from-the https://abcnews.go.com/International/greco-roman-funerary-building-mummy-portraits-discovered-egypt/story?id=94281210 https://www.sacbee.com/news/nation-world/world/article269527637.html https://english.news.cn/20221201/43e56e9bed9b4afb8aad2532a597861e/c.html https://famagusta-gazette.com/2022/12/01/egypt-unearths-greco-roman-funeral-building/ https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/rare-funeral-portraits-and-coffins-unearthed-in-ancient-egyptian-burial-site-garza-1234648948/ http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/65816 https://www.heritagedaily.com/2022/12/large-funerary-building-an