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Andy, I may have missed a couple of other observations but I would like to mention: 1) In situations with a lot of old fashioned 1/2 wave rectifiers or SCR voltage controls (arc furnaces, electroplating controls, certain PCs and the like) or in particular, simple light dimmers, there is a DC unbalance reflected back to the line transformer source. Line power transformers are likely to be running near saturation (it's an economic design choice.) The transformer is now non-linear and harmonic mixing will take place. This effect even shows up in big substation links from ground currents such as Schumann resonances generating modulation side bands. Another example. I went to a customer site for a problem with our equipment. They had racks of PCs being turned and off for the start and finish of test sequences. The surge of too many adjacent test PCs simultaneously coming on coupled with too small wiring, led to PC power supply glitches affecting the test as each test start required the charging of the electrolytic capacitors in the step down power supplies. A couple of cycles, but more than enough to cause trouble. The turning-on PCs ignored the glitch as they have have delay circuits built in and ignore their own disruptive effect, but already ON PCs were not happy. Thinking back about the past, mercury vapor rectifiers were often in 1/2 wave configurations -- too expensive to wire up full wave rectifiers -- a 4:1 cost. Your linear accelerator may have had a similar problem, needs for a lot of power on a pulse basis. It may even have been synchronized to the line as I believe some are to minimize line noise from data capture, Regards, Charles Patton

OK upfront I'm an analog guy. I don't hate digital, far from it, but I prefer to solve my design problems with analog solutions. I have more computers then common sense, I can and do write code, bad code, overly complex code, but still code that works. I program in Ada [ick] or GW-Basic and compile it with a 198? MS compiler. I've avoided Raspberry, Ardunio, PIC, PIC-AXE etc because I have enough other problems. Although I did use some premade code to burn PICs to produce 60Hz, 440Hz, 1PPs real time and sidereal, and other useful frequencies from a 10MHz GPS disciplined oscillator. [I'd love to have premade PIC code for "D" and "C".] I understand RS-232 in and out, Ethernet from AX.25 (ham packet radio.) However I'm only aware of in car data networks because I had to deal with one. I learned enough about CAN to know I needed specialized, expensive, test gear to begin to unravel the CAN problems in our Volvo so I lobotomized it by replacing most functions with local relay control. I can look at the data streams with an oscilloscope but it might as well be High Martian. Until Goey's request for the pin out of a radio, I'd not looked into CAN since lobotomizing our Volvo. I was amazed to learn our Echo didn't have CAN. I assumed it did and prayed it would never give trouble. [Sometimes you luck out!] Though the current sensor in the battery lead creates some issues I'd prefer to avoid. Today I learned there is also a simpler car data network, LIN, that GM [and others] uses for controlling the radio et al in some models. Most cars made after 2003 will have CAN and, by federal law, all new cars and light trucks made after 2008 sold in the US must have CAN. I suggest anyone interested in CAN and LIN start with Wiki then dig as deep as they need. CAN/LIN will probably be part of your future. We were so "lucky" with our Volvo as they were an early adopter of CAN. I've learned some manufacturers require their "in car entertainment systems" receive authorization from the main computer before they will turn on. [Such joy.] I see how a cousin of my wife makes a comfortable living by rebuilding pre 1990 cars, his wife does the detail work (she can even replace the headliner!!!!). I can see why any sane person would want a pre-CAN car because it requires specialized equipment and knowledge to trouble shoot them. Imagine all the wiring interconnects in a modern car....now imagine trouble shooting them. CAN is being used for all sorts of non-automotive applications, the list is growing and bewildering. I suspect serious electronic hobbyists will have to deal with CAN/LIN sooner then later. This makes it look sooo simple... https://www.diagnosistips.com/automotiveacademy/can-bus/ That log cabin on 20 acres is looking more attractive every day.......

I made a mistake, in my description of a ultra simple current limited LED driver. Call the cyber police to take my PCs from me. [Me making a mistake ought to make at least one person in this group smile. I live to please.] I transposed the position of two components. The capacitor goes between the AC Hot and full wave bridge, not the other way around. The AC from the mains passes through the capacitor, the current is determined by the capacitor value (Xc) and mains frequency. Higher capacitance equals higher current. The now current limited AC passes through the full wave bridge producing 120Hz pulses of DC (100Hz pulses of DC in 50Hz nations] This safely (if the capacitor value isn't too large) provides current to power/drive a LED or LEDs. My fake florescent LED replacement tubes have a lot of small SMD LEDs. I quit counting at 50ish. I'd guess there are about 200. Note that is a guess and I won't pretend it is "mainly accurate," don't know, don't care. I laid it all out on my work bench, out of the protective plastic tube, and used a capacitor substitution box to pick the 'right' value capacitor. I kept feeling the LEDs and when they were just perceptible warm I backed down one step. Is the brightness optimal? Snort hardly. Is it efficient? Give me a break, nope, hardly. But 4 of them provide about 10% more light as 2 real florescent lamp tubes. Oh that 10% figure comes from a 50 or 60 year old professional light meter that, in 2008, agreed with a new, NIST traceable calibration, light meter, so I suspect it hasn't degraded in the 16 years....might well be wrong ...sort of "I hope it's mainly accurate." Best I could do on a moment's notice. I need to take it in to the lab for calibration....but then what does the odd spectra do to calibration.... And yea I had to rewire the fixture. Oh how sad. I dispensed with sockets because it was cheaper and easier, I'd have had to go to a real electrical supply house for sockets and they might not sell to a civilian they don't know, my EE diploma would get laughs, and EE can't change a light switch for hire in Kentucky. So I hardwired everything and used home made Lexan spacers. Looks more then OK, actually looks store bought if you don't look too close....but who cranes their neck to inspect a florescent light fixture? The LEDs face down so the reflector is sort of useless. So yea WN4ISX made a mistake. Yawn. I'll tell on my self.... during a graduation when we used rented professional 2M business band radios and I ID with my ham call instead of my name. That was a really big no no, but I was used to using my ham call on an HT and habbit won over the law. And there were negative consequences. The company monitored all comss with their radios and reported me to the FCC. The company owner was beyond upset. I have no idea why, it wasn't like anyone was going to waste time listening to 3 TV crews rush from staging area to staging areas and trying to set up with zero time. I was part of it and it was BORING! But the Freaky Candy Company has zero sense of humor. I still have the pink ticket framed on my wall in a place of pride, Paraphrased is says "Thou shalt not make this mistake again upon risk of forfiture of license." They get real twitchy over IDing the wrong license in the wrong radio service. [Again, damn sure wish I could spell.] Sorry I'm far from perfect but mainly accurate. At least I got the link to the graphic of the diagram right...

Not directly electronics but many in the electronics world use 900MHz devices for all sorts of applications. As a license free band, it's attractive for experimental remote control, remote monitoring (my remote Cosmic Ray monitoring project uses a one way 900MHz data link, our church uses 900MHz wireless microphones, my wife has a a pair of 900MHz headphones that blow the socks off any Bluetooth device) There is an ISM allocation used for industrial, scientific and manufacturing. If NextNav succeeds in convincing the FCC to either sell or simply assign large parts of the 900MHz band, a lot of users are going to lose. https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2024/09/nextnavs-callous-band-grab-privatize-900-mhz I'd say write the FCC to complain but the FCC appears to have become the federal governments frequency sales store. Look at the UHF repack as an example. I posted this more out of frustration then expecting anything any of us do to have any effect on the FCC. I expect them to go after the 2M and 70cm ham allocations any day now.

A safety hint. If you decide you've just got to look at the AC Mains with a battery powered oscilloscope, reconsider, if you still decide 'I just have to do this...' then consider using a AC mains to 12 to 30V step down transformer. The transformer will isolate you and pass the 50/60Hz. It will show you the turn on of a SCR/Triac light dimmer. If you believe you need higher accuracy, reconsider why? What are you looking for? High frequency noise on the AC mains? OK you've decided to play Russian Roulette. Obtain a 9K 10W resistor, obtain a 1K 10W resistor, wire in series. I like the Dale aluminum body units because you can mount them on a heatsink that you can connect to the safety/protective ground. Wire one end of the 9k to the AC Mains hot, wire the other end to the 1K, wire the other end of the 1K to neutral. Monitor the voltage across the 1K, it will be 1/10 the incoming voltage. Touching it and ground probably won't hurt or kill you. Just tested mine while sitting on a chair in a 1/4" sheet of Lexan. Used my right finger and thumb. As expected I felt nothing. This is still stupid silly but the safest way to actually directly monitor the AC mains. However, I doubt your scope will see any HF trash on the AC mains. I live to fight EMI/RFI, interference on the AC Mains created by all the switch mode power supplies. I have an intrinsically safe AC Mains to communication receiver, spectrum analyzer interface that has been hi-pot tested over night with 10kV on the AC mains side. In addition to extreme isolation from the AC Mains voltage, either 120V US, 240V the rest of the world, the output is clamped at +/- 2.1V. It was an extremely non trivial project, the actual schematic is bog simple, obtaining components that could withstand 10kV for ~10 hours was the royal PITA. Capacitors large enough to pass 50kHz with "no loss" and withstand 10kV are rare. And pricey. There are commercial units https://www.reliantemc.com/laplace-voltage-probe-plip/ https://www.onfilter.com/test-and-measurements These are serious scientific instruments not "magic hocus pocus dirty power will harm your health or kill you." If you can't afford either, and if you don't have the skill set and access to a certified hi-pot tester, to roll your own, don't. Again, before monitoring the AC Mains for anything but voltage with a meter and current with a clamp on, really think "Do I need to do this?" With "Why do I need to look at the AC Mains." Death is for keeps. [The afterlife doesn't count because we won't be bothering with such trivial things in heaven or hell of Valhalla or Fólkvangr. <sorry for the font change there, had to look it up> I'd cover more religions but can't think of their afterlife policies off the top of my head right now, but I'm pretty sure none of them suggest we'll much care about earthly problems.] I lost a friend in college who was trying to look at the AC Mains with a scope and isolation transformer. He was alone so I don't know how he screwed up. Smart guy, not prone to foolishness, yet he died. So yea I'm a bit too focused on the safety issues with scopes and AC Mains. Going to the funeral for a good friend sucked bilge water.

Surprised all the CAN complainants here are not Card Carrying EFF Members! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1990 to promote Internet civil liberties. It provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amicus curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers abusive legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms and online civil liberties, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use, and solicits a list of what it considers are abusive patents with intentions to defeat those that it considers are without merit. -- G.T.

I've got a Delco/GM Radio I'd like to wire up an use in my shop. I found a connector but it does NOT come with instructions to tell one which wire goes here, to what or from what. As well they have pig tail leads to every one of 24 pins and my most basic radio (DELCO PN 15766185 CI: DCSL SER MAN 3 *89DCSLM222735248*) likely uses just those to power, illumination and speakers. The vendor selling the correct connector for twenty dollars writes " Identification of the wires in your vehicle, as well as pin location of those wires in the plug, will be up to you. Yes, research will be required and it may be challenging. GM did not use the same wires for all the vehicles that had this plug, so we cannot provide one plug that is going to have easy-to-determine wire functions for all vehicles. " So, my question "Does anyone know how/where I might be able to get the pin out for the connector on this radio?" Preferably at no cost :) -- G.T. -- G.T.

What exactly are you trying to see? There has been a lot of interesting discussions on how to "safely" connect an oscilloscope to the AC Mains. So, what is your goal? What are you trying to see on the AC? What is your AC Mains voltage? Is there a safety/protective ground? What is your skill set? College electronics class? High school electronics class? Self taught by trail and error? What is your age? That fits in with what is your skill set. This isn't intended to be insulting, I was playing by shock and learn before formal education, a vocational school program that today grants Associate Degrees, then I worked for 2+ years before I was tricked into starting college for a BS in electrical engineering. Many (?most?) of the people in this group have similar informal education, followed by some form of formal training. We can offer advice for problems and goals we've all had but they are probably worthless to your goals. I repeat, if all you want to do is look at the 50/60Hz Mains waveform, why? There is nothing interesting about a 50/60Hz 'sinewave.' If all you want to do is to see an AC Mains waveform. I'll capture the 120V 60Hz AC Mains in our home with a PC sound card and my 9k:1k attenutator and post 60 seconds of 48K high resolution wav audio in the files section. My 9k:1K attenuator came from a project at work, I kept it and rebuilt it in a Budd minibox with a standard IEC C14 male connector with a female 1/4" stereo audio connector. Note: This is never used for RF, only for AF and has been used about 5 times in the last 30 years. I keep it because it might be useful...someday. This is a link to the his oscilloscope https://files.owon.com.cn/probook/HDS200_series_user_manual.pdf I traded for a Zoyi ZT-701s, very similar to your unit. Zoyi multimeter+oscilloscopes - ZT-70xS, It is a two channel 'scope ' and works fine with my 9k:1k attenuator on the AC. But you can still fry your self if you aren't careful. Or https://onlinetonegenerator.com/ The waveform will be so close to the AC mains you probably can't tell the difference. The only real difference will be AC Mains will have various distortion components that a pure waveform won't have, but you'll have extreme difficulty seeing the distortion on a scope, you'll need to feed the AC Mains to a PC sound card. Sample at 96K minimum, higher if possible, and do a high resolution FFT. And connecting the AC to a PC is a good way to fry a PC, PC inputs can not handle more then perhaps 3V peak to peak. And this is a whole new set of problems and nightmares.

It was more of an example where to find additional information. As you have "12 Delco/GM Auto Radio", it is perfectly understandable that people are going to search for radios that came out of General Motors vehicles (auto radio). Not happy with CAN bus discussion? I CAN appreciate that, so will change title of this post to reflect what you are seeking / desire. You specify that only thing that matters is finding diagram for "DELCO PN 15766185". Challenge accepted. I will do everything for you, you will merely have to click on the links, maybe copy/Paste to follow along. Duckduckgo.com -> search terms "Used DELCO 15766185 Radio" And I get: https://www.ebay.com/itm/326060942245 This is important because it lists a donor vehicle, and the RPO: "OEM Radio Opt Umr FROM 03 2003 CHEVY SILVERADO 15766185" 2003 Chevy Pickup, RPO code is UMR Seller is a salvage yard. They are experts on interchange. In Full Description, there are at least 2 vehicles that have same RPO code. Again, that is "UMR" in case you missed it. Interchange vehicles are 2012 GMC Canyon and 2012 Chevrolet Colorado. The both use UMR, other vehicles use UM7, and are typically older models. Let's run with the 12s (see what I did there?). Duckduckgo.com -> search terms "2012 Canyon UMR radio diagram" and found somebody in same situation, asking for. "Need a stock radio wiring diagram. Please help!" located at https://www.355nation.net/threads/need-a-stock-radio-wiring-diagram-please-help.57585/ A bit down the page, Shawn5800 kindly posts a schematic of the radio connector located at https://www.355nation.net/attachments/sound-systems-pdf.38809/ But you want a pinout, and understandably so, since you were very specific in your OP title / subject. At bottom of the thread, somebody else was looking for a 2012 Wiring Diagram. Since was a subject in audio portion of Colorado / Canyon website, I followed it. On that thread, there is a link " https://www.naskie18.com/colorado/schematics/ " Thinking it held some desirable nuggets of information, I followed it just to find its a dead link. But, I CAN try and resurrect it at archive.org: archive.org -> Search Terms " https://www.naskie18.com/colorado/schematics/ " and chose a date that corresponded with peak traffic. That led me to: https://web.archive.org/web/20171110065203/https://www.naskie18.com/colorado/schematics/ but nothing available, missing Dara or not ceawled. Re-searched again: Duckduckgo.com -> Search terms "DELCO PN 15766185 pin out" and hit first result " http://tehnomagazin.com/Auto-radio-car-connector/DELCO-Car-Radio-Wiring-Connector.htm " And lo & behold, pin out for 24 pin radio connector AND for the 12pin connector as well. BONUS! To keep going, I searched Amazon for OEM Radio Harnesses (not posting link as may contain personal information and is around 400 characters long). Saw Metra in results, remembered using them in past. Eventually drilled down to the Metra 70-2006 harness. Not available, and they don't know when will be... But I have part number. Metra 70-2006. Duckduckgo.com -> Metra 70-2006 manual Lo and Behold, I found the manual @ Crutchfield! https://pdf.crutchfieldonline.com/ImageBank/v20111030154300/Manuals/120/120702006.PDF That's odd. There are some differences between it, TechnMagazin. But, there are some differences. Probably features and stuff, I don't know. Maybe different country. Something for you to figure out. Maybe it's the difference between UMR and UM7. Back to what I am supposed to be working on: what caused the cpu in a German plc on a krv traction container to blow out, before I risk blowing the replacement. Looks like water intrusion but have to.... sorry. Forgot this thread was all about "Pin Out Required for 12 Delco/GM Auto Radio Without Mentioning ANYTHING ELSE!!! And do it for me ( Please?)". 15min break is over, back to work. (Drops the mic) ~SD

Hello,I am trying to build a driver for my YIG shown below. I have made a AC and time domain plots. I know that in feedback theory i need 0dB gain and phase shift of 180 degrees. How can i see this oscilation condition in my AC plot? I dont have even 0dB in the plot. In the AC plots https://eu.mouser.com/datasheet/2/609/AD8033_8034-1502231.pdf sesitivity: 450 KHz/mA 3dB bandwidth 2.2MHz resistance 2Ohm inductance 1.5uH /g/electronics101/files/john233/classA_driver.asc /g/electronics101/files/john233/classA_driver_AC.asc /g/electronics101/photo/296358/3866354?p=Created%2C%2C%2C20%2C2%2C0%2C0 /g/electronics101/photo/296358/3866353?p=Created%2C%2C%2C20%2C2%2C0%2C0

Also one other effect. Simple full wave rectifiers cause symmetrical peak clipping. The rectifiers recharge on the peak of the voltage waveform to replace the charge drawn out on the average of the power supply output. Hence a lot of PCs such as in a business environment can be a big EMI generator due to the peak clipping. On 12/14/2024 5:21 PM, Charles R Patton via groups.io wrote:

I am very happy today! We passed an extended TUV ISO-13485 inspection for the “Design and manufacturing of medical equipment”. There is an incredible amount of detailed paperwork to keep track of and to prove that the designs are safe and meet FDA requirements. I will sleep well tonight. Bertho

This is way complicated interface but appears to be intrinsically safe and "idiot proof." I consider all of us to be idiots at the worst possible moment so please don't take it as an insult. https://www.rtl-sdr.com/grid-2-audio-analyzing-the-mains-electrical-grid-waveform-with-a-pc-soundcard/

Found this... https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226513535_Input_protection_for_the_laboratory_computer/link/02e7e53c429694ff65000000/download?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19 These are suitable for a lot of applications PC to PA Systems Interface This web page shows PA to PC interface and PC to PA interface "PA" can be many different devices, everything from a radio to tape deck. A serious PC audio interface...really serious but very good. https://sound-au.com/project154.htm And a rather specialized computer I/O system, well worth a read even if you don't built it. https://sound-au.com/project232.htm Note the distortion generator.....sort of neat to be able to add X% distortion to a signal.

i have the st-link v2 st cube programer and a 64k bluepill board,does anyone know if i can flash a bootloader to enable programing over its usb port using arduino ide?.

Hello, I have built a PLL system based on the article attached. In the scope photos we see the IF signal of the mixer. When the servo amplifier is ON as shown in photo 3 then the error signal ripple is much much smaller then photo 5. but the VCO keeps moving decreasing the frequency. So ripple wise the amplifier is good but the DC shift is not getting fix. My only spec is getting a lock on the resonant frequency of the resonator shown in the diagram below. We drive the FM coil of the YIG for VCO functionality. My YIG(VCO) FM coil has the following carachteristics: sensitivity 400(Khz/mA) 3dB BW 2MHz resistance 1ohm inductance 1.5uH How can I see what kind of PID needed in my situation? What do you think the PID needs to be to lock in resonant frequency? /g/electronics101/photo/296358/3865523?p=Created%2C%2C%2C20%2C2%2C0%2C0 /g/electronics101/photo/296358/3865522?p=Created%2C%2C%2C20%2C2%2C0%2C0 /g/electronics101/photo/296358/3865521?p=Created%2C%2C%2C20%2C2%2C0%2C0 /g/electronics101/photo/296358/3865520?p=Created%2C%2C%2C20%2C2%2C0%2C0 /g/electronics101/photo/296358/3865519?p=Created%2C%2C%2C20%2C2%2C0%2C0 /g/electronics101/files/john233/High_spectral_purity_microwave_oscillator_design_using_conventional_air-dielectric_cavity%20%284%29.pdf

One major problem with using GM tubes for radiation monitoring is they can overload and either go dead or produce an extremely low count, much below normal background. Scintalation counters can experience this too but only in intense, several thousand rad, radiation fields. That's why ion chambers have a place in the grand scheme of things. The GM counters in the physics lab had what might be called a missing pulse detector. Say background is 30 counts per minute, the missing pulse detector produced an alarm if a count/pulse was missing for more then 20 seconds. The effect is known by several names, it was called 'dead time' in our lab. Modern tubes have better self quenching and are less likely to experience this. It is a major concern with pre ~1980ish surplus GM tubes.

One of the members of our shortwave club lives in a small condo where space is a premium. He found this article and it works better then I'd have expected. https://www.stufinnis.co.uk/workbench.html The workbench fits on a kitchen table but could probably be used with similar tables. And forget common card tables, they are way too flimsy. I used one as my work bench when I was 12 and one afternoon a leg buckled and it was a mess. I was too busy dodging the hot soldering iron. Obviously you have to change the British AC outlets for American ones if you are in America, other nations will require similar adjustments. I'd add a 'ground fault interrupter' or " "residual current device" at the workbench. A GFI has saved my rump several times. Take the part on isolation transformer equaling added safety with a large hunk of salt. Is An Isolation Transformer A Safety Measure Or Death Trap? https://sound-au.com/articles/iso-xfmr.htm And Variacs, variable AC power transformer, have some important issues. https://sound-au.com/articles/variac.htm Failure to place a fuse in the secondary of the Variac, a fuse in the hot/primary won't protect the secondary from an overload. I use a super fast magnetic breaker in series with a conventional fuse in the secondary.

The new transistors are oscillating at about 1GHz, the frequency is frequency modulated by the incoming audio! The cure was a ferrite bead on the base and collector (now that's a first for me) and a 10pF SMD capacitor between base and emitter. I grabbed my Tiny SA on a wild hunch, found a spike and borrowed a Signal Hound USB spectrum analyzer to confirm the oscillation. The semiconductor industry constantly "improves" their products. Original 1N4004 switch slow enough to be a minimal EMI source, modern 1N4004 switch fast enough to be EMI sources from hell. The silicon is purer, the junction is thinner and the turn off time is a lot faster. Someday really soon I hope to post a simple test device to see how much commutation noise a diode produces.

MOTOROLA Model H18UCH9PW7AN 700/800 MHz Question: Can two of these units be used as 'walkie-talkies' around the house/homestead/farm without a license or a 'repeater etc?' https://www.govdeals.com/asset/481/4948 -- G.T.