On Sat, 26 Apr 2003 21:18:05 -0000, you wrote:

Hello Jon,
please take a look(pobe) at your pulse source in LTSPICE.
If you specify tr=0 and tf=0, then LTSPICE takes a guess about
the rise and fall time of 10% or something like that.

10%!! Egads. Okay. I see it! Thanks.

The effective duty cycle in SPICE is always
d = ((trise+tfall)/2 + twidth)/Tperiod
You assumed only twidth/Tperiod .
Now it's obvious that the average voltage is different, because of
the definitions.

Okay. I can see the issues much more clearly, now.

1. Approach:
If you specify a very small tr and tf of 1ns, then the difference
between both definitions will be very small.

Interesting. I used 1ns and it's much better. Thanks, again.

I also tried dropping in 1ps, 10ps, and 100ps. What a disaster!
The simulation made a total mess of the pulse voltage. I can't
even explain it, but it is definitely wrong. 1ns works. But
that's about it. Is there some threshold here?

Anyway, with 1ns, it leave me within a margin of error I can
tolerate: 1.751mV p-p vs a calculated 1.750mV p-p, which is
fine. It's shifted off by a DC error of 140uV, but that's
probably due to the remaining rise and fall times. ... Ah, yes.
Using t_on of (25us-1ns) and a period of 50us puts it right on
the mark.

Okay. I think I've got the picture, now.

I've got to keep all these details in mind.

2. Approach:
The other possibility is to use a new width value of
T_width_spice = T_width - (t_tise + t_fall)/2

Width specification in SPICE:
____________
/ \
/ \
______/ \________

| |<-- Tw----->| |
Tr Tf
|<---- Tper ---->|


My advice for LTSPICE:
Never specify 0 for tr and tf in LTSPICE. At least use something very
low compared to your width if you want to neglect it.

Yes. That's what I did and it looks pretty good.

I still wonder about why 1-100ps causes it to go crazy. But
whatever the reason, that must be why LT Spice doesn't accept
true square edges being applied. I need to read more about the
details of the calculations used.

Much thanks to you!!!

Jon

--- In LTspice@..., Jonathan Kirwan <jkirwan@e...> wrote:

I've been just a little pensive about LT Spice accuracy. So
today I sat down with some paper and a relatively simple problem
and worked through some derivations to test LT Spice.

....

So I decided to try this out with a very simple circuit, setting
R1 and R2 to 10k and C1 to 10uF. I selected V=5V and Vp=14V.
This simply means a 5V rail with a PWM which oscillates between
0 and 14V. ton=25us and toff=25us should make this very easy to
estimate. The resulting two cases look like this:

,-- 5 ,-- 5
| |
| |
/ R1 / R1
&#92; 10k &#92; 10k
/ /
| |
R2 | [Vnode] | [Vnode]
14V >---/&#92;/&#92;/---x ,----x
10k | | |
| C1 | | C1
----- / -----
----- R2 &#92; -----
| 10uF 10k / | 10uF
| | |
gnd gnd gnd

CASE 1 CASE 2



I ran this circuit for 1 second and examined the simulation
output for the voltage node. I get a sawtooth, as expected, but
the peak and valleys are at approximately:

VnodeLO = 6.3492
VnodeHI = 6.3508

With an average of 6.35V.

This is 350mV above where I calculate it should be. Can anyone
give me a clue about why so much a difference, here??

Hello Jon,
please take a look(pobe) at your pulse source in LTSPICE.
If you specify tr=0 and tf=0, then LTSPICE takes a guess about
the rise and fall time of 10% or something like that.
The effective duty cycle in SPICE is always
d = ((trise+tfall)/2 + twidth)/Tperiod
You assumed only twidth/Tperiod .
Now it's obvious that the average voltage is different, because of
the definitions.

1. Approach:
If you specify a very small tr and tf of 1ns, then the difference
between both definitions will be very small.

2. Approach:
The other possibility is to use a new width value of
T_width_spice = T_width - (t_tise + t_fall)/2

Width specification in SPICE:
____________
/ &#92;
/ &#92;
______/ &#92;________

| |<-- Tw----->| |
Tr Tf
|<---- Tper ---->|


My advice for LTSPICE:
Never specify 0 for tr and tf in LTSPICE. At least use something very
low compared to your width if you want to neglect it.

Best Regards
Helmut

I've been just a little pensive about LT Spice accuracy. So
today I sat down with some paper and a relatively simple problem
and worked through some derivations to test LT Spice.

Assume the following circuit (I'm including a short LT Spice
.ASC file at the end of this post, if desired.):

,-- V
|
|
/
&#92; R1
/
|
R2 | [Vnode]
PWM >---/&#92;/&#92;/---x
|
| C1
-----
-----
|
|
gnd


The PWM input is a square wave with given period, duty time, and
voltage. The voltage of this PWM swings from 0V to some other,
specified voltage (not necessarily the same as V on the
diagram.)

Given sufficient time, the voltage at Vnode should establish
itself as some stable point, where the rise and fall in voltage
are equal to each other. If you were to look at Vnode with an
oscilliscope (with the right component values, of course), you
should see a small-swing sawtooth, roughly, resting on a stable
bias voltage. I was interested in solving that and seeing if LT
Spice would hit it, dead on.

----------------
MATH DEVELOPMENT
----------------

Skip this, if you want to just get to the point. But I wanted
to develop the mathematics here, in case there was any question
about it.

First off, modeling this breaks down into two states for the
circuit:

,-- V ,-- V
| |
| |
/ /
&#92; R1 &#92; R1
/ /
| |
R2 | [Vnode] | [Vnode]
Vp >---/&#92;/&#92;/---x ,----x
| | |
| C1 | | C1
----- / -----
----- R2 &#92; -----
| / |
| | |
gnd gnd gnd

CASE 1 CASE 2

In case 1, the Thevenin voltage and resistance is:

Va = (V * R2 + Vp * R1) / (R1 + R2)
Ra = R1 * R2 / (R1 + R2)

In case 2, the Thevenin voltage and resistance is:

Vb = V * R2 / (R1 + R2)
Rb = R1 * R2 / (R1 + R2)

Note that Ra is always equal to Rb, so let's just call them R,
instead.

R = Ra = Rb

and for convenience,

C = C1

Both cases are analyzed similarly. There is a voltage at Vnode
at the start of the time period, which decays away, and the
Thevenin voltage towards which the node rises, also on an
exponential. Intuitively, this is the sum of two exponentials,
but the derivation is worth doing, as a verification of
intuition.

I(C) = -I(R) = (V - Vnode) / R = C * dVnode / dt

Solving this, yields:

Vnode = V * (1 + k * e^(-t/RC))

where k is a constant of integration. We know that at t=0, that
Vnode is equal to the initial capacitor voltage, which I'll call
Vstart. Knowing this, we can solve for k, as:

k = (Vstart / V) - 1

Putting k back in, gives:

Vnode = V * (1 - e^(-t/RC)) + Vstart * e^(-t/RC)

This is exactly as expected. The sum of two exponentials, one
describing the disappearing Vstart and the other describing the
rise towards the new V. Eventually, all memory of Vstart is
lost and V is fully memorized, so to speak.

Okay, this gives us a tiny picture of the change for some small
value of t, and for either case 1 or case 2. However, I need to
put all this together in order to find out when the sum of those
two exponentials in case 1 balances with the sum of those two in
case 2. That's when the voltage goes up exactly the same amount
as it later goes down (or the reverse view, if you like.)

Anyway, here's how I approached that. Let's look at the two
time periods of the square wave:
_____ _____ .... Vp
| | | |
_____| |__________| |_________.... 0

^ ^ ^
: : :
: ton : toff :

We'll also set:

tcyc = ton + toff

During toff, the voltage at Vnode follows this:

Vend = Vb*(1 - e^(-toff/(R*C)) + Vstart1*e^(-toff/(R*C))

But to get Vstart1, we need to examine what happens during ton,
so:

Vstart1 = Va*(1 - e^(-ton/(R*C)) + Vstart*e^(-ton/(R*C))

Now, in the static case:

Vend = Vstart

So solving the above pair of equations with that equality for
Vstart, yields:

Vb - Va*e^(-tcyc/(R*C)) + (Va-Vb)*e^(-toff/(R*C))
Vstart = -------------------------------------------------
1 - e^(-tcyc/(R*C))

I just call Vstart here, VnodeLO. That differentiates the term
from VnodeHI, which is the peak reached at the end of ton.

So here are the two equations which describe these two voltages:

Vb - Va*e^(-tcyc/(R*C)) + (Va-Vb)*e^(-toff/(R*C))
VnodeLO = -------------------------------------------------
1 - e^(-tcyc/(R*C))

and

Va - Vb*e^(-tcyc/(R*C)) + (Vb-Va)*e^(-ton/(R*C))
VnodeHI = ------------------------------------------------
1 - e^(-tcyc/(R*C))

Or, if you already know VnodeLO, VnodeHI can be computed as:

VnodeHI = Va*(1 - e^(-ton/(R*C))) + VnodeLO*e^(-ton/(R*C))

Okay, so much for the mathematical treatments...

--------------------
END MATH DEVELOPMENT
--------------------

Given these definitions:

V: Arbitrary DC voltage supply
Vp: Arbitrary PWM high-side voltage (low-side assumed gnd)
toff: PWM time within cycle, at gnd
ton: PWM time within cycle, at Vp

And these useful defined quantities:

tcyc = ton + toff
Va = (V * R2 + Vp * R1) / (R1 + R2)
Vb = V * R2 / (R1 + R2)
Ra = R1 * R2 / (R1 + R2)
Rb = R1 * R2 / (R1 + R2)
R = Ra = Rb
C = C1

I can compute these quantities:

Vb - Va*e^(-tcyc/(R*C)) + (Va-Vb)*e^(-toff/(R*C))
VnodeLO = -------------------------------------------------
1 - e^(-tcyc/(R*C))

Va - Vb*e^(-tcyc/(R*C)) + (Vb-Va)*e^(-ton/(R*C))
VnodeHI = ------------------------------------------------
1 - e^(-tcyc/(R*C))

That should give me exact values, once the circuit settles down.

...

So I decided to try this out with a very simple circuit, setting
R1 and R2 to 10k and C1 to 10uF. I selected V=5V and Vp=14V.
This simply means a 5V rail with a PWM which oscillates between
0 and 14V. ton=25us and toff=25us should make this very easy to
estimate. The resulting two cases look like this:

,-- 5 ,-- 5
| |
| |
/ R1 / R1
&#92; 10k &#92; 10k
/ /
| |
R2 | [Vnode] | [Vnode]
14V >---/&#92;/&#92;/---x ,----x
10k | | |
| C1 | | C1
----- / -----
----- R2 &#92; -----
| 10uF 10k / | 10uF
| | |
gnd gnd gnd

CASE 1 CASE 2


The Thevenin equivalents are:

||
Case 1: +9.5V ----/&#92;/&#92;/-----||-------- 0V
5k || 10uF

and

||
Case 2: +2.5V ----/&#92;/&#92;/-----||-------- 0V
5k || 10uF

In other words, toggling between 2.5V and 9.5V for equal times
through equal Thevenin resistances, to the same capacitance.
I'd guess that the resulting voltage should be (9.5+2.5)/2 or 6V
exactly. I'd guess that, without much math, at all.

So let's do all that hard, complex, exponential math I developed
and see where it takes us:

V = 5V
Vp = 14V
toff = 25us
ton = 25us
tcyc = ton + toff = 50us
Va = (V * R2 + Vp * R1) / (R1 + R2) = 9.5V
Vb = V * R2 / (R1 + R2) = 2.5V
Ra = R1 * R2 / (R1 + R2) = 5k ohm
Rb = R1 * R2 / (R1 + R2) = 5k ohm
R = Ra = Rb = 5k ohm
C = C1 = 10uF
R*C = 50 ms


2.5 - 9.5*e^(-50us/50ms) + (9.5-2.5)*e^(-25us/50ms)
VnodeLO = ---------------------------------------------------
1 - e^(-50us/50ms)

= 5.999125003


9.5 - 2.5*e^(-50us/50ms) + (2.5-9.5)*e^(-25us/50ms)
VnodeHI = ---------------------------------------------------
1 - e^(-50us/50ms)

= 6.000874997

The average of these is exactly 6V. What a surprise!!! This
also suggests, of course, that the ripple will have a peak to
peak of 1.75mV.

Okay. Sounds good. Theory seems to all hang together. I
haven't built this, but I decided to see what LT Spice would
tell me about it. (Circuit's .ASC is given at the end of this
post.)

I ran this circuit for 1 second and examined the simulation
output for the voltage node. I get a sawtooth, as expected, but
the peak and valleys are at approximately:

VnodeLO = 6.3492
VnodeHI = 6.3508

With an average of 6.35V.

This is 350mV above where I calculate it should be. Can anyone
give me a clue about why so much a difference, here??

It's bugging me, a lot.

Jon


----------EXAMPLE CIRCUIT---------
Version 4
SHEET 1 1328 680
WIRE 288 288 112 288
WIRE 112 288 112 224
WIRE 112 288 112 384
WIRE 112 448 112 544
WIRE -224 416 -224 512
WIRE 544 528 544 448
WIRE 368 288 544 288
WIRE 544 288 544 368
WIRE -224 336 -224 240
WIRE 112 144 112 32
FLAG 112 544 0
FLAG 544 528 0
FLAG -224 512 0
FLAG -224 240 Vcc
FLAG 112 32 Vcc
SYMBOL res 96 128 R0
SYMATTR InstName R1
SYMATTR Value 10k
SYMBOL res 384 272 R90
WINDOW 0 0 56 VBottom 0
WINDOW 3 32 56 VTop 0
SYMATTR InstName R2
SYMATTR Value 10k
SYMBOL cap 96 384 R0
SYMATTR InstName C1
SYMATTR Value 10?
SYMATTR SpiceLine Rser=0 Lser=0 Rpar=0 Cpar=0
SYMBOL voltage 544 352 R0
WINDOW 123 0 0 Left 0
WINDOW 39 0 0 Left 0
SYMATTR InstName V1
SYMATTR Value PULSE(0 {Vp} 100u 0 0 {tcyc-toff} {tcyc})
SYMBOL voltage -224 320 R0
WINDOW 123 0 0 Left 0
WINDOW 39 0 0 Left 0
SYMATTR InstName V2
SYMATTR Value {V}
TEXT -258 568 Left 0 !.tran 1
TEXT 240 -88 Left 0 !.param V=5
TEXT 240 -56 Left 0 !.param Vp = 14
TEXT 240 -24 Left 0 !.param tcyc = 50u
TEXT 240 8 Left 0 !.param toff = 25u
-----------END----------------

--- In LTspice@..., "Steve Kunkle" <stevekunkle@y...>
wrote:

I am trying to use the TABLE form to define an Arbitrary Current
Source (B). I have done it in other Spices but just can't seem to
get the syntax right in LTSpice. Does anyone have the correct
syntax or an example for using TABLE with an arbitrary source in
LTSpice?

Hello Steve,
I have tested two examples for you.

Bv-source:

V=1+Table(V(x)-2, -2, 4, -1.5, 2.25, -1, 1, -0.5, 0.25, 0,0, 0.5,
0.25, 1, 1, 1.5, 2.25, 2, 4)

Bi-source:

I=1+Table(-I(B0)-2, -2, 4, -1.5, 2.25, -1, 1, -0.5, 0.25, 0,0, 0.5,
0.25, 1, 1, 1.5, 2.25, 2, 4)


Syntax:
V = Table(x_axis, x0,y0, x1,y1, x2,y2, ...xn,yn)


Have fun.

Best Regards
Helmut



The test file:
Please repair the lines crippled by the Yahoo e-mail program.

Version 4
SHEET 1 1216 680
WIRE -192 208 -192 240
WIRE 144 208 144 256
WIRE -192 128 -192 96
WIRE -192 96 -48 96
WIRE 144 128 144 96
WIRE 144 96 208 96
WIRE -48 128 -48 96
WIRE -48 208 -48 240
WIRE -48 240 -192 240
WIRE -192 240 -192 256
WIRE 144 384 144 352
WIRE 144 352 16 352
WIRE 16 352 16 384
WIRE 16 464 16 512
WIRE 16 512 144 512
WIRE 144 512 144 464
WIRE 16 544 16 512
FLAG 144 256 0
FLAG -192 256 0
FLAG 208 96 y
FLAG -192 96 x
FLAG 16 544 0
FLAG 144 352 z
SYMBOL bv 144 112 R0
SYMATTR InstName B1
SYMATTR Value V=1+Table(V(x)-2, -2, 4, -1.5, 2.25, -1, 1, -0.5, 0.25,
0,0, 0.5, 0.25, 1, 1, 1.5, 2.25, 2, 4)
SYMBOL bv -192 112 R0
SYMATTR InstName B0
SYMATTR Value V=time
SYMBOL res -64 112 R0
SYMATTR InstName R1
SYMATTR Value 1
SYMBOL bi 144 384 R0
SYMATTR InstName B2
SYMATTR Value I=1+Table(-I(B0)-2, -2, 4, -1.5, 2.25, -1, 1, -0.5,
0.25, 0,0, 0.5, 0.25, 1, 1, 1.5, 2.25, 2, 4)
SYMBOL res 0 368 R0
SYMATTR InstName R2
SYMATTR Value 1
TEXT -192 32 Left 0 !.tran 4
TEXT -184 -32 Left 0 ;B source and table syntax.

Steve,

I am trying to use the TABLE form to define an Arbitrary Current
Source (B). I have done it in other Spices but just can't seem to
get the syntax right in LTSpice. Does anyone have the correct
syntax or an example for using TABLE with an arbitrary source in
LTSpice?

Look-up tables can also be used in B-sources,
G-sources, and I-sources in addition to being
able to follow the usual syntax of PSpice.

Attached is and example circuit.

--Mike

--- table.asc ---

Version 4
SHEET 1 1160 680
WIRE -144 304 -144 272
WIRE -144 192 -144 144
WIRE -144 144 -272 144
WIRE -272 144 -272 192
WIRE -272 272 -272 304
WIRE 384 144 384 176
WIRE 384 256 384 304
WIRE 816 240 816 208
WIRE 816 128 816 96
WIRE 816 96 992 96
WIRE 992 96 992 128
WIRE 752 192 768 192
WIRE 768 144 384 144
WIRE 992 208 992 240
WIRE 176 304 176 256
WIRE 176 176 176 144
WIRE 176 144 384 144
FLAG -272 304 0
FLAG -144 304 0
FLAG 384 304 0
FLAG 384 144 X
FLAG 992 240 0
FLAG 816 240 0
FLAG 752 192 0
FLAG 176 304 0
SYMBOL bi2 -144 192 R0
SYMATTR InstName B1
SYMATTR Value I=table(V(x),0,0,1,1)
SYMBOL res -288 176 R0
SYMATTR InstName R1
SYMATTR Value 1
SYMBOL voltage 384 160 R0
SYMATTR InstName V1
SYMATTR Value pulse(-2 2 0 .5m .5m 0 1m)
SYMBOL g 816 112 R0
WINDOW 0 11 6 Left 0
WINDOW 3 8 102 Left 0
SYMATTR InstName G1
SYMATTR Value table(0,0,1,1)
SYMBOL res 976 112 R0
SYMATTR InstName R2
SYMATTR Value 1
SYMBOL current 176 176 R0
SYMATTR InstName I1
SYMATTR Value table(0,0,1,1)
TEXT 120 456 Left 0 !.tran 3m

__________________________________________________
Do you Yahoo!?
The New Yahoo! Search - Faster. Easier. Bingo

On Thu, 24 Apr 2003 20:43:51 -0000, you wrote:

--- In LTspice@..., Jonathan Kirwan <jkirwan@e...> wrote:

I just happened upon a Greek site which had what appears to be a
complete set of PSPICE .LIB files for a 1998 version of ORCAD.
These appear to be in a compatible format for LT Spice. For
example:

.model Q2N2222 NPN(Is=14.34f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=74.03 Bf=255.9
+ Ne=1.307 Ise=14.34f Ikf=.2847 Xtb=1.5 Br=6.092 Nc=2 Isc=0
+ Ikr=0 Rc=1 Cjc=7.306p Mjc=.3416 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=22.01p
+ Mje=.377 Vje=.75 Tr=46.91n Tf=411.1p Itf=.6 Vtf=1.7 Xtf=3
+ Rb=10)
* National pid=19 case=TO18
* 88-09-07 bam creation

Are there any caveats for me to consider in simply importing the
bipolar and jbipolar libs, lock-stock-and-barrel, into
standard.bjt, for example? (Other than the fact that LT Spice
updates may replace some on the next update, if the names match
up.)

There are several thousand BJT models, alone. So, for example,
what will happen to LT Spice's BJT model list when I try and
designate an NPN or PNP on a schematic? Will the sheer number
(approx 1000 each) of these overwhelm memory in the dialog box?

Hello Jon,
there is a very easy way to use parts from any library file.
Just add a line like .include bipolar.lib to your schematic.

Yes, I've done that before. But I enjoy having a nice list to
examine when I right-click on a PNP or NPN, for example. I
don't get that with a .include. Instead, I have to keep a
separated print out of the .LIB somewhere and examine it or else
call up a separate editor and look at the file, when I'm curious
about making a selection.

Now you can edit/use any of the transistor models from this file
within your schematic.

Yes.

After you have placed the generic NPN transistor, you have to
change the value NPN of this transistor to the type you want,
e.g. Q2N1613.

Right. But when I'm not sure of which I want and would like to
examine some factors such as comparing Br and Bf, for example,
and make a choice based on what I see... well, it's just not
there if I use .include. On the other hand, if they are in
standard.bjt, then LT Spice compiles the list for me and
presents it for my perusal. I like operating that way, though
I'd like to sort on things like Bf, for example.

The library file has to be either in the directory of the
schematic or in the folder SWCADIII&#92;lib&#92;sub .

Yes, I've been dumping my .LIBs in .&#92;sub.

It is very convenient to manage the usage of libraries this way.

It is, though sometimes I'm not sure who's library is who's,
that way. Would be nice to have an editable LIB path.

If you extend the .include name.lib to let's say
.include Private&#92;name.lib you have to store the library file in
the directory SWCADIII&#92;lib&#92;sub&#92;Private .

Yes, I've tried that and have decided to start organizing the
.LIBs I have that way. Still, would be nice to have a LIB=
path.

Thanks,
Jon

--- In LTspice@..., Jonathan Kirwan <jkirwan@e...> wrote:

I just happened upon a Greek site which had what appears to be a
complete set of PSPICE .LIB files for a 1998 version of ORCAD.
These appear to be in a compatible format for LT Spice. For
example:

.model Q2N2222 NPN(Is=14.34f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=74.03 Bf=255.9
+ Ne=1.307 Ise=14.34f Ikf=.2847 Xtb=1.5 Br=6.092 Nc=2 Isc=0
+ Ikr=0 Rc=1 Cjc=7.306p Mjc=.3416 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=22.01p
+ Mje=.377 Vje=.75 Tr=46.91n Tf=411.1p Itf=.6 Vtf=1.7 Xtf=3
+ Rb=10)
* National pid=19 case=TO18
* 88-09-07 bam creation

Are there any caveats for me to consider in simply importing the
bipolar and jbipolar libs, lock-stock-and-barrel, into
standard.bjt, for example? (Other than the fact that LT Spice
updates may replace some on the next update, if the names match
up.)

There are several thousand BJT models, alone. So, for example,
what will happen to LT Spice's BJT model list when I try and
designate an NPN or PNP on a schematic? Will the sheer number
(approx 1000 each) of these overwhelm memory in the dialog box?

Hello Jon,
there is a very easy way to use parts from any library file.
Just add a line like .include bipolar.lib to your schematic.
Now you can edit/use any of the transistor models from this file
within your schematic. After you have placed the generic NPN
transistor, you have to change the value NPN of this transistor to
the type you want, e.g. Q2N1613. The library file has to be either in
the directory of the schematic or in the folder SWCADIII&#92;lib&#92;sub .
It is very convenient to manage the usage of libraries this way.
If you extend the .include name.lib to let's say
.include Private&#92;name.lib you have to store the library file in
the directory SWCADIII&#92;lib&#92;sub&#92;Private .

Best Regards
Helmut

On Thu, 24 Apr 2003 19:09:46 +0200, Mathias wrote:

No idea whether LTspice can handle this.

It's almost as though there may need to be a sub-folder
structure to allow some user-determined organization to the
"pick/select new transistor" dialog box. In other words, not a
flat list, but one which allows folders as well which can be
opened, as desired.

I personally think about importing models once I need these.

Yes, it's just a nifty resource at this point, where I can pull
what I need when I need it. On the other hand, if there is some
nice way to organize so many, I'd be happier to have them all at
my fingertips without having to exit, edit, save, and re-enter
LT Spice.

There's currently no folder structure possible for models in LTspice and
therefore I'm concerned that I might loose the overview scrolling through
thousands of files.

Yes. Hehe. But LT Spice does allow re-sorting on certain
criteria, though sadly not on the detailed spice parameters.

Can you be so kind to forward this link to me?

The one I found is:




Jon

I am trying to use the TABLE form to define an Arbitrary Current
Source (B). I have done it in other Spices but just can't seem to
get the syntax right in LTSpice. Does anyone have the correct
syntax or an example for using TABLE with an arbitrary source in
LTSpice?

开云体育

I just happened upon a Greek site which had what appears to be a
complete set of PSPICE .LIB files for a 1998 version of ORCAD.
These appear to be in a compatible format for LT Spice. For
example:

.model Q2N2222 NPN(Is=14.34f Xti=3 Eg=1.11 Vaf=74.03 Bf=255.9
+ Ne=1.307 Ise=14.34f Ikf=.2847 Xtb=1.5 Br=6.092 Nc=2 Isc=0
+ Ikr=0 Rc=1 Cjc=7.306p Mjc=.3416 Vjc=.75 Fc=.5 Cje=22.01p
+ Mje=.377 Vje=.75 Tr=46.91n Tf=411.1p Itf=.6 Vtf=1.7 Xtf=3
+ Rb=10)
* National pid=19 case=TO18
* 88-09-07 bam creation

Are there any caveats for me to consider in simply importing the
bipolar and jbipolar libs, lock-stock-and-barrel, into
standard.bjt, for example? (Other than the fact that LT Spice
updates may replace some on the next update, if the names match
up.)

There are several thousand BJT models, alone. So, for example,
what will happen to LT Spice's BJT model list when I try and
designate an NPN or PNP on a schematic? Will the sheer number
(approx 1000 each) of these overwhelm memory in the dialog box?

Jon

--- In LTspice@..., "RAMPRASAD POTLURI" <potluri@e...>
wrote:

----- Original Message -----
From: "Helmut Sennewald" <helmutsennewald@y...>
To: <LTspice@...>
Sent: Wednesday, April 23, 2003 1:56 AM
Subject: [LTspice] Re: Need help with understanding the contents of

ASCII

.raw files.

This is a beautiful explanation!!!!!!! How in the world did you

figure it

out? Is it explained somewhere in LTSpice's help or somewhere else?

Hello Ram,
you can't find it in the LTSPICE help file. I simply asked panamatex
(alias Mike Engelhardt) half a year ago before I have written my raw
file conversion program ltsputil.exe. More about that in my last
posting about binary raw files.
Later I have discovered that another SPICE program (5Spice) uses
nearly the same ASCII format. Maybe it is a common format for SPICE-3
simulators, but I am not shure about that.

Best Regards
Helmut

PS: Mike Engelhardt from Linear Technology is the designer of LTSPICE.

--- In LTspice@..., "rpotl0" <potluri@e...> wrote:

Dear Friends,

I am new to LTspice and I have been struggling with figuring out

what

information my ASCII RAW file contains. I have plotted the frequency
response of a filter circuit. In my ASCII RAW file, I want to see

the

values of the frequencies and the corresponding values of the
voltages. Below, I am including the contents of my ASCII RAW file.

In

this file, I thought that the entries against the left most 0
immediately after "Values:" are the frequencies. But, these values

are

not in the range 10 Hz to 100 kHz. I don't see anything in the RAW
file that resembles frequencies. Maybe I am looking in the wrong

place

in the file?

By the way, I got my ASCII RAW file by checking the "ASCII Date

Files"

check box in Tools --> Control Panel --> Compression.

Thank you very much for any help you can give.

Hello Ram.

this is the first line with frequency:

0 1.000000000000000e+001,0.000000000000000e+000

0 is the first point, 1.0e1 = 10Hz, 0.0 = complex value is always 0
for frequency.

Next entry for frequency comes after the 92 complex values
and look like

1 1.047128548050900e+001,0.000000000000000e+000

and so on.

Best Regards
Helmut

Dear Friends,

I am new to LTspice and I have been struggling with figuring out what
information my ASCII RAW file contains. I have plotted the frequency
response of a filter circuit. In my ASCII RAW file, I want to see the
values of the frequencies and the corresponding values of the
voltages. Below, I am including the contents of my ASCII RAW file. In
this file, I thought that the entries against the left most 0
immediately after "Values:" are the frequencies. But, these values are
not in the range 10 Hz to 100 kHz. I don't see anything in the RAW
file that resembles frequencies. Maybe I am looking in the wrong place
in the file?

By the way, I got my ASCII RAW file by checking the "ASCII Date Files"
check box in Tools --> Control Panel --> Compression.

Thank you very much for any help you can give.

- Ram.



Title: * C:&#92;EE221&#92;PotluriSpring2003&#92;Project&#92;ABPF.asc
Date: Tue Apr 22 22:40:17 2003
Plotname: AC Analysis
Flags: complex forward log
No. Variables: 93
No. Points: 201
Offset: 0.0000000000000000e+000
Command: Linear Technology Corporation LTspice
Backannotation: u1 3 2 7 4 6
Backannotation: u2 3 2 7 4 6
Backannotation: u3 3 2 7 4 6
Backannotation: u6 3 2 7 4 6
Backannotation: u4 3 2 7 4 6
Backannotation: u5 3 2 7 4 6
Variables:
0 frequency frequency
1 V(nc_02) voltage
2 V(n001) voltage
3 V(nc_01) voltage
4 V(out1) voltage
5 V(n002) voltage
6 V(in) voltage
7 V(nc_04) voltage
8 V(n003) voltage
9 V(nc_03) voltage
10 V(out2) voltage
11 V(n004) voltage
12 V(nc_06) voltage
13 V(n005) voltage
14 V(nc_05) voltage
15 V(out3) voltage
16 V(n006) voltage
17 V(out4) voltage
18 V(n008) voltage
19 V(n007) voltage
20 V(out5) voltage
21 V(n010) voltage
22 V(n009) voltage
23 V(nc_08) voltage
24 V(n011) voltage
25 V(nc_07) voltage
26 V(out) voltage
27 V(nc_09) voltage
28 V(nc_10) voltage
29 V(nc_11) voltage
30 V(nc_12) voltage
31 I(C10) device_current
32 I(C9) device_current
33 I(C8) device_current
34 I(C7) device_current
35 I(C6) device_current
36 I(C5) device_current
37 I(C4) device_current
38 I(C3) device_current
39 I(C1) device_current
40 I(C2) device_current
41 I(R22) device_current
42 I(R21) device_current
43 I(R20) device_current
44 I(R19) device_current
45 I(R18) device_current
46 I(R16) device_current
47 I(R15) device_current
48 I(R14) device_current
49 I(R13) device_current
50 I(R12) device_current
51 I(R11) device_current
52 I(R10) device_current
53 I(R9) device_current
54 I(R8) device_current
55 I(R7) device_current
56 I(R6) device_current
57 I(R5) device_current
58 I(R4) device_current
59 I(R3) device_current
60 I(R1) device_current
61 I(R2) device_current
62 I(V1) device_current
63 I(U1:3) subckt_current
64 I(U1:2) subckt_current
65 I(U1:7) subckt_current
66 I(U1:4) subckt_current
67 I(U1:6) subckt_current
68 I(U2:3) subckt_current
69 I(U2:2) subckt_current
70 I(U2:7) subckt_current
71 I(U2:4) subckt_current
72 I(U2:6) subckt_current
73 I(U3:3) subckt_current
74 I(U3:2) subckt_current
75 I(U3:7) subckt_current
76 I(U3:4) subckt_current
77 I(U3:6) subckt_current
78 I(U4:3) subckt_current
79 I(U4:2) subckt_current
80 I(U4:7) subckt_current
81 I(U4:4) subckt_current
82 I(U4:6) subckt_current
83 I(U5:3) subckt_current
84 I(U5:2) subckt_current
85 I(U5:7) subckt_current
86 I(U5:4) subckt_current
87 I(U5:6) subckt_current
88 I(U6:3) subckt_current
89 I(U6:2) subckt_current
90 I(U6:7) subckt_current
91 I(U6:4) subckt_current
92 I(U6:6) subckt_current
Values:
0 1.000000000000000e+001,0.000000000000000e+000
-6.994589353925713e-002,-6.224300513311931e-001
-1.039942959774823e-004,1.256131856356748e-005
-6.994595019897262e-002,-6.224305540919555e-001
-7.028059198394734e-002,-6.177420007959171e-001
5.041099463820574e-001,-5.726535027250970e-002
1.000000000000000e+000,0.000000000000000e+000
-2.864690391666699e-003,-8.919041648280660e-002
-1.489921218869175e-005,6.036529832831230e-007
-2.864692196012326e-003,-8.919047190403354e-002
-2.867276849004460e-003,-8.912817436223740e-002
5.912946460149122e-001,-1.891218990771428e-002
-1.915953483657730e-005,-2.765623930620602e-003
-4.621261803662982e-007,7.080401343141798e-009
-1.915954908693858e-005,-2.765625881848532e-003
-1.927545088878907e-005,-2.762107773904081e-003
3.382425103271862e-002,-2.300448018234994e-004
-2.625350543980314e-006,-1.322770419656549e-003
2.105267992553053e-001,-4.177222547384377e-004
-1.192357881924767e-010,1.389714031758973e-009
-3.562295709034208e-009,-3.392491662524765e-004
4.499439267432111e-003,-4.502979109945879e-008
-1.113827961755637e-010,1.146137686325173e-010
7.414585725326177e-002,7.111237605153714e-001
1.187120286346940e-004,-1.338453896764555e-005
7.414585804460520e-002,7.111237658764555e-001
7.414464846080594e-002,7.111121460853045e-001
-2.625349267344873e-006,-1.322770419978301e-003
-2.625349267808005e-006,-1.322770419978184e-003
-3.562294316074194e-009,-3.392491662248798e-004
-3.562295709034207e-009,-3.392491662524764e-004
-2.836506613685579e-015,-2.827081139551507e-010
2.131282446348664e-011,-2.827083307824038e-010
-2.624635065285266e-011,-1.322778892597661e-008
5.686585332103322e-011,-1.322795387412445e-008
-1.445458606284139e-011,-2.125269407395581e-009
1.590942086303018e-010,-2.126451483449453e-009
-1.188325866182956e-009,-3.715307446565963e-008
4.411800418538100e-009,-3.733229463824132e-008
-5.398315988024442e-007,-4.752104435615023e-006
9.508262370081933e-007,-9.744305916359484e-007
2.374311818608061e-012,6.517292545696619e-012
2.426747583573487e-012,2.618771761377806e-011
2.759749590469662e-012,5.497446469872870e-011
5.971977755278307e-011,1.782295796465395e-009
1.407986080251641e-009,1.235457232513899e-008
1.480518728643425e-009,1.422251061248544e-008
-2.875760760715537e-015,-2.827077340552043e-010
-5.624296953291344e-005,-2.544055994319706e-012
5.624299084290139e-005,-5.628723887432350e-010
-2.625231308192122e-011,-1.322771809370581e-008
-1.052630934326260e-005,-5.569630063179170e-009
1.052633996276527e-005,-2.088611273692189e-008
-1.447178823724828e-011,-2.124703734081096e-009
-6.038598431045509e-007,-1.437780011396871e-010
6.040044827271183e-007,-4.107942889705346e-009
-1.188490682006570e-009,-3.713699083967528e-008
-9.504775674071809e-007,-4.398183699468437e-008
9.537010419595358e-007,-3.050353210921658e-008
-5.398199822151527e-007,-4.751958170111389e-006
-2.479450268089713e-005,-2.863267513625485e-006
2.520549731910287e-005,-2.863267513625485e-006
-9.311811896758489e-005,-2.912965302740483e-006
2.099602862575987e-011,1.448841943015141e-010
1.161658729168301e-011,1.462655036331763e-010
2.997264587139093e-030,-2.125542953473251e-029
-5.907879031218577e-023,-1.413031281393710e-021
-4.095982687127801e-007,5.738743334072437e-006
1.181248295732112e-012,1.600212156498667e-011
-1.648158236165463e-013,1.608362598435761e-011
-1.006110316846199e-032,2.231851878990996e-030
-8.460223975020505e-024,-4.408808041422282e-022
-3.163589958978164e-009,7.625158127439224e-008
2.457999751038080e-014,5.640834039034692e-013
-1.720217440699757e-014,5.656733144861946e-013
1.012303408833506e-033,1.411018279744002e-031
-4.211412828612894e-026,-1.051343327380630e-023
-1.418626708025774e-010,4.306129682228989e-009
5.967604820283656e-015,-6.818445717453028e-014
-5.962429072473601e-015,7.083227058473893e-014
5.300593415717429e-023,2.304900953155032e-020
8.562005274202449e-023,4.542813043992867e-020
-2.818679265494650e-011,2.648185968559149e-008
1.849663780019458e-017,3.205187917110209e-016
-3.925415642174763e-017,3.798999532950707e-016
2.905988968098873e-026,1.355280332433297e-021
-5.657794005243720e-028,5.418251199269808e-023
-1.893563688411776e-011,5.719333573676622e-010
-5.458588789301632e-012,-8.292851426739136e-013
5.252061846341169e-012,-2.036983977136801e-012
-8.954165528970621e-030,6.155913000589584e-029
1.047991236513293e-022,2.143673494502942e-021
-1.480518728639587e-009,-1.422251061262524e-008
1 1.047128548050900e+001,0.000000000000000e+000
-7.691513092155676e-002,-6.522846122421433e-001
-1.141186190697075e-004,1.437168673108465e-005
-7.691519322644830e-002,-6.522851391166266e-001
-7.728122234496566e-002,-6.473617027554336e-001
5.044955150233760e-001,-6.013444314692378e-002
1.000000000000000e+000,0.000000000000000e+000
-3.142233248574663e-003,-9.340648631222537e-002
-1.633887910460271e-005,6.805271554011199e-007
-3.142235227730688e-003,-9.340654435328705e-002
-3.145069114416916e-003,-9.334128714225684e-002
5.913735753772289e-001,-1.981079562914357e-002
-2.100909097510040e-005,-2.896031984531518e-003
-5.067232494542628e-007,7.733042134878260e-009
-2.100910660111927e-005,-2.896034027769573e-003
-2.113619126500173e-005,-2.892349952890537e-003
3.382500621712690e-002,-2.408986386057562e-004
-2.878642037992736e-006,-1.385111015336710e-003
2.105268458988352e-001,-4.374092581434920e-004
-1.307534857939921e-010,1.448637986281981e-009
-3.905977603710680e-009,-3.552375007032269e-004
4.499439431168070e-003,-4.715198334600279e-008
-1.221288096611638e-010,1.199869039949231e-010
8.152128093569547e-002,7.451463924130293e-001
1.302539145529373e-004,-1.530526529986781e-005
8.152128180535093e-002,7.451463980291490e-001
8.151995189768811e-002,7.451342222858891e-001
-2.878640638189459e-006,-1.385111015673883e-003
-2.878640638697274e-006,-1.385111015673760e-003
-3.905976076366238e-009,-3.552375006748713e-004
-3.905977603710680e-009,-3.552375007032268e-004
-3.110166018708225e-015,-2.960317483677623e-010
2.336904823131952e-011,-2.960319973186285e-010
-2.877857447566334e-011,-1.385119848155847e-008
6.235216737327682e-011,-1.385138786752936e-008
-1.584995943319290e-011,-2.225482888827528e-009
1.744470081178431e-010,-2.226840163975288e-009
-1.303456987214792e-009,-3.890933264256969e-008
4.837793619211578e-009,-3.911518127566266e-008
-5.936058904628023e-007,-4.979969293540131e-006
1.043157392800398e-006,-1.033475021152248e-006
2.605156410610821e-012,6.798644708067181e-012
2.662651131818601e-012,2.739611500073685e-011
3.027802116358781e-012,5.754089375181339e-011
6.550646057939706e-011,1.866519637539139e-009
1.548229525190372e-009,1.294692794980267e-008
1.627793959662703e-009,1.490299055102378e-008
-3.153207328374597e-015,-2.960313505751090e-010
-5.624296952366282e-005,-2.663953861356090e-012
5.624299288960088e-005,-5.893997918250349e-010
-2.878511284506942e-011,-1.385112463974696e-008
-1.052630872134886e-005,-5.832123441913226e-009
1.052634229494176e-005,-2.187046290717460e-008
-1.586882155042113e-011,-2.224890527640517e-009
-6.038593711142957e-007,-1.505616491285976e-010
6.040179681629804e-007,-4.301761403674217e-009
-1.303637598046797e-009,-3.889248652892177e-008
-9.502940107506304e-007,-4.607161774219434e-008
9.538283473826273e-007,-3.195289617603801e-008
-5.935931055838150e-007,-4.979815957247420e-006
-2.477522424883120e-005,-3.006722157346189e-006
2.522477575116880e-005,-3.006722157346189e-006
-9.309865587570784e-005,-3.058779124133287e-006
2.307740217467519e-011,1.517794679854410e-010
1.278487898721037e-011,1.533362927113483e-010
-2.293614044895064e-030,-8.593210522364188e-030
2.049339967600126e-022,-8.816711354049584e-022
-4.480160576913835e-007,6.026237906349418e-006
1.295521145622222e-012,1.675638640938333e-011
-1.806108320084703e-013,1.684611364792047e-011
1.400350433411420e-031,-2.637452725278948e-030
-1.414486925401347e-023,-3.395641038015534e-022
-3.468649560585154e-009,7.987418744212733e-008
2.695218676170294e-014,5.906674813500233e-013
-1.886211722832499e-014,5.923611870105938e-013
-8.664216211605835e-034,-1.383302944138055e-031
-2.601189948875764e-026,-7.137462009145912e-024
-1.555503844510585e-010,4.509271585367770e-009
6.544044499363954e-015,-7.106921383194895e-014
-6.538369399713223e-015,7.384181141936919e-014
6.053384479420780e-023,1.824968796380008e-020
1.020460825634525e-022,5.839522347288731e-020
-3.090440339611565e-011,2.772990862242934e-008
2.028115667474701e-017,3.356305239578071e-016
-4.304132633164686e-017,3.977926840182207e-016
-8.157441875791552e-026,-2.710477116084552e-021
-7.001638291337203e-028,5.475192615532910e-021
-2.076073861337970e-011,5.988619926520562e-010
-5.989639220276122e-012,-8.116911065586085e-013
5.762364234094215e-012,-2.192689778638504e-012
2.251575733802313e-031,3.458037984887409e-029
3.629568210019090e-022,2.666063900724321e-021
-1.627793959675093e-009,-1.490299055109576e-008
2 1.096478196143185e+001,0.000000000000000e+000
-8.460221610079508e-002,-6.836201795464734e-001
-1.252375886985691e-004,1.645620899366352e-005
-8.460228463227641e-002,-6.836207317307449e-001
-8.500253717891307e-002,-6.784492349799091e-001
5.049159403221234e-001,-6.316453526688037e-002
1.000000000000000e+000,0.000000000000000e+000
-3.446788756688283e-003,-9.782312715996240e-002
-1.791789086802669e-005,7.682417708235717e-007
-3.446790927668233e-003,-9.782318794549935e-002
-3.449898067078133e-003,-9.775482806020144e-002
5.914601127187735e-001,-2.075283699052856e-002
-2.303730726962148e-005,-3.032596089623028e-003
-5.556253847239345e-007,8.463734541978376e-009
-2.303732440418251e-005,-3.032598229215156e-003
-2.317667101707636e-005,-3.028740341501243e-003
3.382583429162575e-002,-2.522658034551108e-004
-3.156371125777024e-006,-1.450389684110275e-003
2.105268970423717e-001,-4.580241347776776e-004
-1.433852362114104e-010,1.509362904197235e-009
-4.282818378425433e-009,-3.719793441643575e-004
4.499439610700993e-003,-4.937419196116892e-008
-1.339115812499600e-010,1.256267599391825e-010
8.965392435780384e-002,7.808445820778862e-001
1.429267078911494e-004,-1.751597801823875e-005
8.965392531372948e-002,7.808445879613740e-001
8.965246272791337e-002,7.808318288831004e-001
-3.156369590922834e-006,-1.450389684463632e-003
-3.156369591479641e-006,-1.450389684463504e-003
-4.282816703728645e-009,-3.719793441349431e-004
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Thanks Helmut,

It was realy very helpful.

With Regards
Amlendu

--- In LTspice@..., "Helmut Sennewald"
<helmutsennewald@y...> wrote:

--- In LTspice@..., "amlendushekhar"
<amlendu.choubey@n...> wrote:

Hi,

I am trying to import waveform data generated by switcherCAD
simulation to labview. I am able to do that for the ASCII .raw

files.

But for the binary .raw files I don't have any clue that how the

data

is stored. Could you help me in understanding the format of the
binary .raw files generated by SwitcherCAd. I am able to read the
binary .raw files generated by Win SPICE.

Hello Amlendu,
there is a utility program ltsputil.exe which can convert binary

raw

files to either ASCII raw files or to a more convenient format

which

can be read easily by any math program.

You can download it from this group's menu:
Files -> Util -> ltsputil 2.0

By the way, I have written this utility.
The binary format itself is not published, because it probably will
change in the future. Mike Engelhardt, the designer of LTSPICE,

needs

this flexibility for future improvements/enhancements of LTSPICE.

Best Regards
Helmut

--- In LTspice@..., "amlendushekhar"
<amlendu.choubey@n...> wrote:

Hi,

I am trying to import waveform data generated by switcherCAD
simulation to labview. I am able to do that for the ASCII .raw

files.

But for the binary .raw files I don't have any clue that how the

data

is stored. Could you help me in understanding the format of the
binary .raw files generated by SwitcherCAd. I am able to read the
binary .raw files generated by Win SPICE.

Hello Amlendu,
there is a utility program ltsputil.exe which can convert binary raw
files to either ASCII raw files or to a more convenient format which
can be read easily by any math program.

You can download it from this group's menu:
Files -> Util -> ltsputil 2.0

By the way, I have written this utility.
The binary format itself is not published, because it probably will
change in the future. Mike Engelhardt, the designer of LTSPICE, needs
this flexibility for future improvements/enhancements of LTSPICE.

Best Regards
Helmut

开云体育

----- Original Message -----

From: amlendushekhar

To: LTspice@...

Sent: Monday, April 21, 2003 8:24 AM

Subject: [LTspice] file format of binary .raw files

Hi,

I am trying to import waveform data generated by switcherCAD
simulation to labview. I am able to do that for the ASCII .raw files.
But for the binary .raw files I don't have any clue that how the data
is stored. Could you help me in understanding the format of the
binary .raw files generated by SwitcherCAd. I am able to read the
binary .raw files generated by Win SPICE.

Thanks
Amlendu Shekhar

bonjour,
je vous remercie pour votre mail, cela va etre difficile pour moi de vous renseigner, d'une part, je ne parle ni ne lis bien l'Anglais, et d'autre part, je viens de découvrir ce Freeware, j'aissaie de l'adapter pour les tubes à vide.
et j'utilise le site Altavista.com pour traduire le courrier et les pages, ce n'est pas trop bien mais bon...
Merci pour le contact
cordialement
Jo?l PERUFFO

hello,

I thank you for your mall, that will be difficult for me to inform you, on the one hand, I do not speak nor do not read the English well, and on the other hand, I have just discovered this Freeware, I aissaie to adapt it for the vacuum tubes.

And I use the Altavista.com site to translate the mail and the pages, it is not too well but good...

Thank you for the contact

Cordially

Joel PERUFFO

?

Hi,

I am trying to import waveform data generated by switcherCAD
simulation to labview. I am able to do that for the ASCII .raw files.
But for the binary .raw files I don't have any clue that how the data
is stored. Could you help me in understanding the format of the
binary .raw files generated by SwitcherCAd. I am able to read the
binary .raw files generated by Win SPICE.

Thanks
Amlendu Shekhar

--- In LTspice@..., "dave_zendzian" <dzendzian@o...>
wrote:

I've downloaded several MOSFET models from IR most of which have
worked fine. As luck would have it, the model for the device I've
settled on (irlr2905)appears to have a problem with it's body

diode.

If I sim a simple test circuit with the gate grounded and a 10 Ohm
load on the drain pulled up to a +/-15V square wave (5usec on, 10us
period)I end up with +/-1.5A of drain current @ 5usec on, 10usec
period.

Hello Dave,
the only wrong paramter is TT=0.0001. If you correct it to TT=1e-7
then the simulation agrees with the datasheet. (TT=reverse reovery
time).

Best Regards
Helmut

From IRF:
.MODEL MD D IS=2.1332e-09 RS=0.00746571 N=1.33902 BV=55
+IBV=0.00025 EG=1.2 XTI=3.0372 TT=0.0001
+CJO=1.14753e-09 VJ=1.45996 M=0.550171 FC=0.5

Corrected:
.MODEL MD D IS=2.1332e-09 RS=0.00746571 N=1.33902 BV=55
+IBV=0.00025 EG=1.2 XTI=3.0372 TT=1e-7
+CJO=1.14753e-09 VJ=1.45996 M=0.550171 FC=0.5