Re: Noise source in Transient analysis
#NOISE
? ? "Don't forget that there is a Control Panel setting to randomise the mc() function by using the system clock to seed the generator."
That's right.
LTspice has six different random functions.? Rand(), random(), and white() can be used with B-sources to generate noisy signals in transient simulations.? They are unaffected by the system clock and are always deterministic when used with the same arguments.? Flat(), gauss(), and mc() can be used with .PARAM assignments.? This means they can't change during a .tran simulation.??Among the six, I think only mc() can be controlled by the system clock to make it non-deterministic (if you change that setting in the Control Panel).
The trick here is that you can use a randomized mc() function to alter the argument of a rand(), random(), or white() function, and then make your noisy B-source generate different noise every time you run the simulation -- if that is something you really need.? I don't see a need for it, but maybe you do.
Andy
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Re: For topic: Two Traces for One Node and One Step
On 23/02/2021 13:26, Kerim via groups.io wrote:
I uploaded a simple circuit of multi vibrator
(NE555-v1.zip).
It seems that V(clk)@1 (or @2) is plotted as 2 traces instead of
one. I am just curious why this is the case.
This will largely eliminate the issue:
.options plotwinsize=0
If a residue of the issue remains, add a sensible maximum
timestep:
.tran 0 200u 140u 10n
This was discussed some weeks (or months) ago. It seems to be
related to waveform compression and the timesteps on each of the
stepped traces not being the same.
--
Regards,
Tony
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For topic: Two Traces for One Node and One Step
I uploaded a simple circuit of multi vibrator (NE555-v1.zip).
It seems that V(clk)@1 (or @2) is plotted as 2 traces instead of one. I am just curious why this is the case.
Thanks,
Kerim
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Re: Change subscription not working
On 23/02/2021 11:36, Tony Casey wrote:
On
23/02/2021 11:14, haubmi1 via groups.io wrote:
I have a
problem with this groups.io thing!
I always received all messages to my business email account.
For some time this?mysteriously changed and I only receive a
daily digest.
This is bad, as I always tried to learn something new?from some
mails I find interesting by scan through it's text.
So yesterday I changed my subscription back to "Individual
Messages".
Today I received following mail:
Hello,
You have been unsubscribed from [email protected]. You will receive no more emails from
that group. If this was a mistake, you can resume your
subscription within the next 7 days by clicking the
following link:
Resume
Subscription
Cheers,
The Groups.io Team
I'm fed up with this groups.io thing.
Can you help?
It doesn't look like you set it back to "Individual Messages" - it
was still set to digest.
I have set it to "Individual Messages". I hope that works out OK.
You actually have two accounts with [email protected]. Your original
membership of the Yahoo! group remains with your yahoo.com email
address - it's not been used since being automatically transferred
to groups.io in 2019. This is currently set to "no email".
--
Regards,
Tony
|
Re: Change subscription not working
On 23/02/2021 11:14, haubmi1 via groups.io wrote:
I have a
problem with this groups.io thing!
I always received all messages to my business email account.
For some time this?mysteriously changed and I only receive a daily
digest.
This is bad, as I always tried to learn something new?from some
mails I find interesting by scan through it's text.
So yesterday I changed my subscription back to "Individual
Messages".
Today I received following mail:
Hello,
You have been unsubscribed from [email protected]. You will receive no more emails from
that group. If this was a mistake, you can resume your
subscription within the next 7 days by clicking the following
link:
Resume
Subscription
Cheers,
The Groups.io Team
I'm fed up with this groups.io thing.
Can you help?
It doesn't look like you set it back to "Individual Messages" - it
was still set to digest.
I have set it to "Individual Messages". I hope that works out OK.
--
Regards,
Tony
|
Change subscription not working
Hello, I have a problem with this groups.io thing! I always received all messages to my business email account. For some time this?mysteriously changed and I only receive a daily digest. This is bad, as I always tried to learn something new?from some mails I find interesting by scan through it's text. So yesterday I changed my subscription back to "Individual Messages". Today I received following mail:
Hello,
You have been unsubscribed from [email protected]. You will receive no more emails from that group. If this was a mistake, you can resume your subscription within the next 7 days by clicking the following link:
Resume Subscription
Cheers,
The Groups.io Team
I'm fed up with this groups.io thing. Can you help? Greetings Michael
|
Re: Text substitution in .meas files Solved, thanks to Vlad
#meas
Hello Neil That's what I was trying to achieve, perfect. I'm glad it worked out for you, but there's no need to open up new threads just to thank someone. Editing the title counts as a new thread. Please do not rename the threads, there's no need to add "solved". Besides, there wasn't only one person replying, which means more than one person helped, so thanking only one is dismissing the others' contributions. So if you're going to say "thank you all", do so in the same, unaltered thread. You're welcome, BTW. -- Vlad ______________________ ltspicegoodies.ltwiki.org v2: quite universal analog/digital filter, power electronics, signal processing, easy to work with math functions, digital models, and rants.
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Re: Text substitution in .meas files
#meas
Yes, I am running the .meas script from the waveform window. ? Vlad was spot on with his answer. The syntax I was looking for is ? .meas <identifier> param <value> ? e.g. .meas t1 param 6.3m ? Neil ?
toggle quoted message
Show quoted text
From: [email protected] <[email protected]> On Behalf Of Andy I
Sent: 22 February 2021 18:16
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [LTspice] Text substitution in .meas files? Neil wrote, "I am using a .meas file to run after the simulation completes."
I just want to clarify one thing, which is probably obvious.? You run this .MEAS script from the waveform viewer, right?? (I ask because all .MEAS commands that are in the simulation itself, are executed only after the simulation itself has completed, even though LTspice says that it's still running.)
I'm not familiar with .MEAS scripts from the waveform viewer.? There is a Plot Defs file.? Have you been editing that file to include your parameter definitions?? When you refer to the parameters, are you using {curly braces} around them?? This might not help because my experience there is approximately zero.
Andy
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Re: Text substitution in .meas files Solved, thanks to Vlad
#meas
Vlad,
That's what I was trying to achieve, perfect.
Many thanks
Neil
toggle quoted message
Show quoted text
-----Original Message----- From: [email protected] < [email protected]> On Behalf Of Vlad Sent: 22 February 2021 20:37 To: [email protected]Subject: Re: [LTspice] Text substitution in .meas files Hello Neil I am using a .meas file to run after the simulation completes. As this
has now grown considerably being able to use text substitution would
help enormously but I can't figure out the syntax.
For example the measurements are taken over a time period,i.e. "FROM
6.3e-3 TO 7.3e-3" so if I want to change this, I have to change every
line that contains it.
It would better if I could set this once as a parameter and then use
that parameter on each line.
I've tried various combinations of param, .param, traditional string
commands but to no avail.
Is it possible to do this and if so, what is the correct syntax please
and is there a cheat sheet anywhere? If I understand correctly, you want something like this: .meas t1 param 6.3m .meas t2 param 7.3m .meas a avg v(x) from t1 to t2 .meas b rms i(v1) from t1 to t2 . . . Alternatively, you can define t1 and t2 as parameters: .param t1=6.3m t2=7.3m but then you'd have to re-run the simulation so that the .PARAMs are recalculated. With .MEAS they will be available only inside the .MEAS script. Looking at the values for t1 and t2 (as you exemplified), maybe you need these to be calculated for (say) a period of some frequency. Then you can more easily define them as: .meas freq param 1k .meas delay param 0.3/f .meas t1 param 6/f+delay .meas t2 param 7/f+delay If the frequency, itself, is a variable to be determined from measurements, then you could also use this: .meas tmp1 find time when v(x)=0 cross=13 ; or some other trigger .meas tmp2 find time when v(x)=0 cross=15 .meas f param 1/(tmp2-tmp1) ; and now continue with t1, t2, etc -- Vlad ______________________ ltspicegoodies.ltwiki.org v2: quite universal analog/digital filter, power electronics, signal processing, easy to work with math functions, digital models, and rants.
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On 23/02/2021 02:24, alan victor wrote:
I am afraid you
missed my point. First, I never said I would use s parameters to
emulate a non linear aspect of the model. However, the point of
the validation exercise is to satisfy the criteria that the
s parameters of the non linear model... Spice model... operating
in a linear manner meet the s parameters of the measured device.
Many of them do... spot on. And other models fail miserably.
While we're missing points, you forgot to point to where
S-parameters for the 2N3904 can be found. Of the thousands of
different types of transistors in existence, probably fewer than 1%
of them have published S-parameters.
Second point, the use of s parameters actually can produce a very
excellent STARTING point for successful non linear design. I have
applied such techniques to both power amplifiers and one and two
port oscillators.
I agree about a starting point in the absence of non-linear
parameters. But since these designs can only really be optimised by
non-linear analysis, you need the non-linear parameters anyway -
S-parameter analysis provides no information relating to how much
power you're going to get, for example. Having said that, the great
advantage of design by S-parameters is that linear analysis is
orders of magnitude faster than non-linear analysis.
Again, I emphasize they provide an excellent initialized starting
condition. That is to say, ?find embedding networks, matching
elements and resonator development in oscillator applications.
--
Regards,
Tony
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Re: Noise source in Transient analysis
#NOISE
On 23/02/2021 06:36, Andy I wrote:
WHS wrote, "There were reports at one time
that 2 or more rand() functions were random but very well
correlated with each other. Has this been corrected?"
What is there to correct?
The rand() function is a deterministic function.? That is by
design.? You give it an argument, and it converts it to a
semi-random result.? It is not a random-sequence generator, like a
linear-feedback-shift-register.? No, not like that.? Given the
same argument x, rand(x) always returns the same result, every
time.? That's how it should work, and that's how it does work.
The way to use two rand() functions in the same simulation and
have them different, is to assure that their arguments are
significantly different.? For example, use rand(time) and
rand(-time).? Or rand(time+1e6).? Or rand(time*1e6).? Or something
else.? Use your head to choose something that is different for
each function's argument.
As another simple example, if one rand() function uses argument
values between 1.0 and 1e9, make the second rand()'s argument go
from 1e9 to 2e9.? Now the two functions generate a different
sequence of semi-random values.
Don't forget that there is a Control Panel setting to randomise the
mc() function by using the system clock to seed the generator. This
is a sticky setting, so it stays set or unset until you change it.
Control Panel > Hacks! > "Use the clock
to reseed..."
--
Regards,
Tony
|
Re: Noise source in Transient analysis
#NOISE
WHS wrote, "There were reports at one time that 2 or more rand() functions were random but very well correlated with each other. Has this been corrected?"
What is there to correct?
The rand() function is a deterministic function.? That is by design.? You give it an argument, and it converts it to a semi-random result.? It is not a random-sequence generator, like a linear-feedback-shift-register.? No, not like that.? Given the same argument x, rand(x) always returns the same result, every time.? That's how it should work, and that's how it does work.
The way to use two rand() functions in the same simulation and have them different, is to assure that their arguments are significantly different.? For example, use rand(time) and rand(-time).? Or rand(time+1e6).? Or rand(time*1e6).? Or something else.? Use your head to choose something that is different for each function's argument.
As another simple example, if one rand() function uses argument values between 1.0 and 1e9, make the second rand()'s argument go from 1e9 to 2e9.? Now the two functions generate a different sequence of semi-random values.
Andy
|
Re: Noise source in Transient analysis
#NOISE
There were reports at one time that 2 or more rand() functions were random but very well correlated with each other. Has this been corrected?
|
Hi Tony,?
Thanks for the feedback.?
I am afraid you missed my point. First, I never said I would use s parameters to emulate a non linear aspect of the model. However, the point of the validation exercise is to satisfy the criteria that the s parameters of the non linear model... Spice model... operating in a linear manner meet the s parameters of the measured device. Many of them do... spot on. And other models fail miserably.?
Second point, the use of s parameters actually can produce a very excellent STARTING point for successful non linear design. I have applied such techniques to both power amplifiers and one and two port oscillators.?
Again, I emphasize they provide an excellent initialized starting condition. That is to say, ?find embedding networks, matching elements and resonator development in oscillator applications.?
Alan?
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Re: MOSFET subcircuit drain and gate currents used in dependent source equation - faults
#MOSFET
Thank you, Vlad
I have switched to the 0V voltage source, and all is working as expected, no matter the source of the model for the ?FET I choose. ? I appreciate the information on when model items are parsed. ?I will file that away for future circuits where I am interested in subcircuit items. ?
Kind regards!
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OTOH, we can't talk about Ft without treating it as a linear(ized) amplifying device.
Andy
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On 22/02/2021 20:47, alan victor wrote: The approach I have taken is to gather the 2 port s parameters for a box full of say 3904. Then use the s data with a waveform arithmetic statement in LTSpice to get ft. As ft is an extrapolation of the low frequency gain on a 6dB per octave slope, it is pretty fast to evaluate. Recall, it is just a function of gm and Cbe; unity short circuit current gain crossing point. It does assist in validating the quality of some BIP models. I usually take the s data at the collector current where advertised ft peaks. I'd be interested to know whose S-parameter data you've got for 2N3904? Overall, your suggestion isn't worth much because S-parameters only model linear devices. The whole point about SPICE models is that they model the non-linear characteristics of devices. As a by-product they can also re-produce the S-parameters if the SPICE model is good. The converse is simply wishful thinking. -- Regards, Tony
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Re: MOSFET subcircuit drain and gate currents used in dependent source equation - faults
#MOSFET
B1 out 0 V=I(R:U1:1) You need to use the numeric order of the pin, i.e. if the subcircuit was defined as: .subckt xxx a b c then using i(r:u1:a) will fail. -- Vlad ______________________ ltspicegoodies.ltwiki.org v2: quite universal analog/digital filter, power electronics, signal processing, easy to work with math functions, digital models, and rants.
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Re: MOSFET subcircuit drain and gate currents used in dependent source equation - faults
#MOSFET
Hello BB, thanks for the tip on capturing and viewing subcircuit parameters!
When I add those 0V sources, I¡¯ll do a side by side comparison with a
version that uses the model currents. Appreciate the heads up! Mike, himself, has said that the pin currents are not known before parsing, and since that implies parsing behavioural sources with their expressions, too, it's not possible to use the currents into pins as used by Ix(), but they can be plotted if you know the subcircuit. For example: .subckt xxx 1 2 3 r1 1 2 1 r2 2 3 1 .ends xxx B1 out 0 V=I(R:U1:1) This is valid and will simulate. If the subcircuit has many nested subcircuits, it gets funnier and funnier. And if the subcircuit is encrypted, you're out of luck. So the best way, tested through time, is the series zero valued voltage source. -- Vlad ______________________ ltspicegoodies.ltwiki.org v2: quite universal analog/digital filter, power electronics, signal processing, easy to work with math functions, digital models, and rants.
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Re: Text substitution in .meas files
#meas
Hello Neil I am using a .meas file to run after the simulation completes. As this has
now grown considerably being able to use text substitution would help
enormously but I can't figure out the syntax.
For example the measurements are taken over a time period,i.e. "FROM 6.3e-3
TO 7.3e-3" so if I want to change this, I have to change every line that
contains it.
It would better if I could set this once as a parameter and then use that
parameter on each line.
I've tried various combinations of param, .param, traditional string
commands but to no avail.
Is it possible to do this and if so, what is the correct syntax please and
is there a cheat sheet anywhere? If I understand correctly, you want something like this: .meas t1 param 6.3m .meas t2 param 7.3m .meas a avg v(x) from t1 to t2 .meas b rms i(v1) from t1 to t2 . . . Alternatively, you can define t1 and t2 as parameters: .param t1=6.3m t2=7.3m but then you'd have to re-run the simulation so that the .PARAMs are recalculated. With .MEAS they will be available only inside the .MEAS script. Looking at the values for t1 and t2 (as you exemplified), maybe you need these to be calculated for (say) a period of some frequency. Then you can more easily define them as: .meas freq param 1k .meas delay param 0.3/f .meas t1 param 6/f+delay .meas t2 param 7/f+delay If the frequency, itself, is a variable to be determined from measurements, then you could also use this: .meas tmp1 find time when v(x)=0 cross=13 ; or some other trigger .meas tmp2 find time when v(x)=0 cross=15 .meas f param 1/(tmp2-tmp1) ; and now continue with t1, t2, etc -- Vlad ______________________ ltspicegoodies.ltwiki.org v2: quite universal analog/digital filter, power electronics, signal processing, easy to work with math functions, digital models, and rants.
|
Tony Casey